Morality and Immorality in Politics in Aceh Post 2005 MoU Helsinki (A Case Study on the Relevance of Actions Compared with Peace Promises)
Abstract
This research analysed the morality of actions taken to implement promises made in Aceh post-2005 MoU Helsinki Peace Agreement. Consideration has been given to the current political conditions in Aceh. Morality is a product of a culture and differs between cultures: Differences between the morality of the Acehnese and that of the Javanese were a major cause of conflict between the Acehnese and the Government of Indonesia. The immorality of the Indonesian Government's actions has been a major cause of rebellion in Aceh in the past. Field research was done by recording participant observations, after which data analysis used the Miles et al. methods. Results showed that after nearly 2 decades of peace, not all the goals in the MoU have been realized. Yes, there were major improvements—there were no more security operations, and some special institutions have been set up: However, many Acehnese haven't felt the full morality of all the peace promises, and morality could be better amongst the elite in both Aceh and Jakarta.
References
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Avonius, L. (2011). Reintegration: BRA’s Roles in the Past and its Future Visions. Helsinki: Crisis Management Initiative. February 2006.
Azwar, Z., Armi, M. I., Zulfan, Z., Jelani, A. B. Bin, & Nasri, A. L. (2024). Child Filiation and Its Implications on Maintenance and Inheritance Rights: A Comparative Study of Regulations and Judicial Practices in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Turkey. Journal of Islamic Law, 5(1), 62–85. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v5i1.2326.
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Butarbutar, M. P. (2015). Hedonisme Arus Balik Demokrasi. PWI Pusat.
Chadijah, R. & Andespu, P. (2018). Indonesia Detains Aceh’s Governor for Alleged Graft. Benar News. https://www.benarnews.org.
CR-3. (2005). Substansi MoU RI-GAM ‘Mengagetkan.’ Hukumonline.Com. https://www.hukumonline.com.
D74. (2021). Kenapa Politis Selalu Berbohong. https://www.pinterpolitik.com.
Fariana, A. (2021). Legal politics as a catalyst in forming sharia economic legal system in the Indonesia’s new order and reform era. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 21(2), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v21i2.197-212.
Fearnside, P.M. (1997). Transmigration in Indonesia: Lessons from its Environmental and Social Impacts. Environmental Management, 21(4), 553–570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900049.
Frodin, L. (2008). The Challenges of Reintegration in Aceh, Accord Issue 20, Conciliation Resources. Conciliation Resources. https://www.c-r.org/accord/aceh-indonesia/challenges-reintegration-aceh.
Ghandar, M. (2019). Islamic Etiquette. Armidale UNE. https://blog.une.edu.au.
Haidt, J. (2013). The Righteous Mind. Vintage.
Hamdan, A.M., Rahmi, R., Hafidz, A., & Rispalman. (2021). Future Direction of Au Agromining on how to solve Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining Problems. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 8(4), 2971–2984. https://doi.org/10.15243/JDMLM.2021.084.2971.
Harris, P. (2000). Demokrasi Dan Konflik Yang Mengakar: Sejumlah Pilihan untuk Negosiator. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.
Herdiansyah, H. (2010). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif untuk Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial. Salemba Humanika.
Hidayah, N. (2023). Gender, Economy, and the Law: Women Entrepreneurs in Indonesian and Islamic Legal Perspectives. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 7(2), 1171–1193. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.17944.
Hoffer, E. (1998). Gerakan Massa. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Iskandar, M., Azhari Yahya, Abdul Jalil Salam, & Junaidi. (2022). From the Public Space to the Prison Space: Regulation Polemic and the Implementation of Caning Law in Aceh. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 17(1), 216–241. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v17i1.5646.
Ismail, F. H., Jasni Sulong, Zaitun Muzana, Sabirin, & Arwanyah Bin Kirin. (2022). Vigilantism among the Community in Aceh Against the Accused of Violating the Shariah Criminal Law. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 17(2), 531–553. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v17i2.6751.
Jarstad, A. (2008). Dilemma of War to Democracy Transitions: Theories and Concepts. Cambridge University Press.
Jemadu, A. (2007). Proses Peacebuilding di Aceh: dari MoU Helsinki menuju Implementasi Undang-Undang tentang Pemerintahan Aceh. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 3(4), 527-551. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol3.4.4.
Jones, B. (2017). The Post-tsunami Paradox of Female Empowerment in Aceh. The Conversation, University of Melbourne. https://theconversation.com.
Kawilarang, H. (2010). Aceh Dari Sultan Iskandar Muda ke Helsinki. Bandar Publishing.
Kimbal, A. (2016). Pembangunan Demokrasi Pasca Konflik di Aceh Oleh Alfon Kimbal 1. Society, 3(20), 153–159. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jurnalilmiahsociety/article/view/12447.
Kingsbury, D., & Nessen, W. (2016). Aceh Elections Must not Be Violent, Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com.
Kingsbury, D. (2006). Peace in Aceh A Personal Account of the Helsinki Peace Process. Equinox Publishing.
Kingsbury, D. (2007). Peace Processes in Aceh and Sri Lanka: A Comparative Assessment. How Wars End: Theory and Practice, 3(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003317487-10.
Khoiri, N., & Nasution, A. (2022). Hadānah conflict resolution through litigation: analysis of sharia court decisions in Aceh. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 22(2), 177–198. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i2.177-198.
Kory, P. (2023). The War on Ivermectin. Skyhorse Publishing.
Manan, A. (2021). Metode Penelitian Etnografi. AcehPo Publishing.
Manan, A., Hadi, A., & Saputra, I.R. (2021). Post-conflict Reconciliation in Aceh, Indonesia: Perspectives from the Victims. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 25(2), 162–176. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.66177.
Manan, A., Hadi, A., & Saputra, I.R. (2022). From Fears to Tears (Kasus Kekerasan Pada Tragedi Rumoh Geudong, Krueng Arakundoe dan Jambo Keupok). Pelia Media Prima.
Martanto, U. (2009). Lingkungan dan Pembangunan Perdamaian: Refleksi Kasus Aceh. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 13(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.10966.
Matsyah, A. (2017). Perjanjian Helsinki 2005 di Aceh: Model Penyelesaian Konflik Abad 21. Bandar Publishing.
Matsyah, A., & Aziz, A. (2021). Pasang Surut Hubungan Aceh-Jakarta Pasca MoU Helsinki. Jurnal Adabiya, 23(2), 255–283. http://doi.org/10.22373/adabiya.v23i2.10539
McCarthy, J. (2022). Rich Vein: Far East Wins Drilling Rights over Aceh Gold Prospect In Queensland. In Queensland. https://inqld.com.au/ .
McCulloch, L. (2003). Greed: The Silent Force of the Conflict in Aceh. University of Deakin.
McGibbon, R. (2004). Secessionist Challenges in Aceh and Papua: Is Special Autonomy the Solution? www.eastwestcenter.org.
Merriam, W. (1989). Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage. Meriam Webster.
Miller, M.A. (2010). Rebellion and Reform in Indonesia: Jakarta's Policy and Autonomy in Aceh. Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series.
Miller, M.A. (2012). Self-Governance as a Framework for Conflict Resolution in Aceh. In Autonomy and Armed Separatism in South and Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asia Studies. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814379984-005.
Misachi, J. (2018). Largest Ethnic Groups in Indonesia. World Atlas.
Nation, S.G.U. (2005). Peacebuilding Commission. UN: A/59/2005/Add.2.
Nur Aziz, D. A., Khanif, A., Hartono, M. D., & Yusniar Marbun, A. A. (2023). Examining Qanun in Aceh from a human rights perspective: status, substance and impact on vulnerable groups and minorities. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i1.37-56.
Nur Wakhidah, Zulfa Jamalie, Mujiburohman Abas, Raihanah Abdullah, & Jalaluddin Jalaluddin. (2024). The Legal Culture of Samin Community of Family Law in Central Java. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 19(1), 125–150. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v19i1.10341.
Nuroniyah, W., & Maula, B. S. (2022). Muslim women adhering to Minangkabau’s bajapuik tradition in Cirebon, West Java: compromizing a gendered culture in Islamic law. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 22(2), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i2.135-154.
Rismawati, S. D., Rahmawati, R., Devy, H. S., Septiadi, M. A., & Thoha, S. M. A. (2023). Legal Practices of Employment Agreements, Power Relations, and Identity Politics of Indonesian Women Domestic Workers. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 7(2), 801–829. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.15349.
Runciman, D. (2008). Political Hypocrisy: The Mask of Power, From Hobbes to Orwell and Beyond. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400828197.
Sakhowi, S. (2022). Taqnīn Method of Qānūn Jināyah and Problems of Its Implementation in Aceh, Indonesia. JIL: Journal of Islamic Law, 3(2), 193–211. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v3i2.817.
Schulze, K.E. (2007). Mission not so Impossible: The Aceh Monitoring Mission and Lessons Learned for the EU. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Shklar, J. (1989). The Liberalism of Fear, Liberalism and the Moral Life. Harvard. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674864443.c2
Siapno, J. A. (2002). Gender, Islam, Nationalism and the State in Aceh: The Paradox of Power, Co-operation and Resistance, Routledge. Routledge Curzone. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315029078.
Stedman, S.J. (1997). Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes. International Security, 22(2), 5-53. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.22.2.5.
Sukti, S., Warsito, T., Qodir, Z., & Jubba, H. (2022). Political Dynamics of Islamic Law in the Reform Era: A Study of the Response of Muhammadiyah Cadres in Central Kalimantan. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 6(2), 1022–1045. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.12415.
Yunus, S., Zainal, S., & Jalil, F. (2017). Integration of Oil Palm and Cattle for Post Conflict Sustainable Development. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 7(6), 116-121.
Trijono, L. (2009). Pembangunan Perdamaian Pasca-Konflik di Indonesia: Kaitan Perdamaian, Pembangunan dan Demokrasi dalam Pengembangan Kelembagaan Pasca-Konflik. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 13(1), 48–70. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.10967.
Usman, U., & Megawati, C. (2019). Dinamika Politik; Solusi Akhir Eksistensi Konflik dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Masyarakat Pasca Perdamaian di Aceh Besar. Jurnal Humaniora : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Ekonomi Dan Hukum, 1(2), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.30601/humaniora.v1i2.44.
Weaver, C. (2008). Hypocrisy Trap: The World Bank and the Poverty of Reform. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400837816.
Web, R. (1999). Political History of Aceh. Relief Web. https://reliefweb/int/report/indonesia/political-history-aceh.
Web, R. (2014). Aceh Redux: The Tsunami That Helped Stop a War. https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/aceh-redux-tsunami-helped-stop-war.
Zada, K. (2023). Sharia and Islamic state in Indonesia constitutional democracy: an Aceh experience. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i1.1-18.
Zartman, I. W. (2022). The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments 1. In Revisiting the “Ripeness” Debate (pp. 85-97). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003315346.
Published
2024-09-30
How to Cite
MANAN, Abdul et al.
Morality and Immorality in Politics in Aceh Post 2005 MoU Helsinki (A Case Study on the Relevance of Actions Compared with Peace Promises).
Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. 1311-1334, sep. 2024.
ISSN 2443-2067.
Available at: <http://journal.scadindependent.org/index.php/jipeuradeun/article/view/1295>. Date accessed: 10 oct. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i3.1295.
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Articles
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