IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN REMBANG (CASE STUDY: CEMENT MINING CONFLICT IN REMBANG)

The ongoing conflict in Watuhputih has escalated into a contentious and complex issue that continues to capture public attention. The debates have given rise to a fierce clash of ideas, concepts, and interpretations of laws, ultimately leading to numerous lawsuits. This study uses a qualitative research approach with Wehr and Bartos analysis to analyze conflict dynamics in the cement factory conflict case in Rembang, Central Java. The qualitative method used a case study. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews with sources from 20 informants and documentation from various mass media. The results of this study indicate that conflict dynamics are divided into pre-conflict, confrontation, and crisis. This study concludes that the conflict in Rembang has turned into an ideological conflict. Each group claims that the ideology understood the most correct between environmental sustainability, traditional and modern, capitalist. A dark history of conflict and prolonged dynamics causes ideolog ical conflicts. The record of the conflict’s journey into a social movement in Rembang is a series of conflicts between the community and small-scale mining companies previously in conflict areas from the 90 th year.

A. Introduction Puryanto et al. (2018) state that since 1996, several companies have been trying to conduct mining activities around the Watuputih Mountain area, precisely in Gunerm, Rembang.Although categorized as small-scale mining companies, due to their existence, they influenced social life around the mining locations.The environmental impacts were significantly influenced since there was an interaction between the mining location and the citizens' houses.Besides the environmental impacts, there was also anxiety about the sociological relationships of society.
The conflict began due to the eradication of the citizens' land areas by any in-relation parties to the mining companies.It was described using heavy tools and vehicles that passed through the area on the paths.They were enlarged and took the surrounding land area owned by the citizens.It caused the citizens' land borders to be breached.Their complaints were not well responded to and seemed to be ignored by any related employee of the companies and their supporters.They ignored and excused them.
The dynamics causing social movement were grown by addressing some environmental issues and air pollution (Puryanto, 2018).The transportation factor, addressed since it frequently passed through the area, started with trucks carrying mining materials, bringing air and sound pollution problems.It was due to the use of bombs to detonate the mining area (Suharko, 2013).The dust caused by the passing trucks made the citizens think about the negative impacts of mining.
The social environment became the target of negative impacts from various emerging perceptions around the mining area (Suyahmo.& S. Puryanto, 2019;Suharko, 2016).The society was grouped into several groups: the pro-side and the contra-side groups.It was seen from the faded cooperative spirit that once occurred and had become the life principle of the citizens.Idealism about their opinions and stubborn natures due to their realizations created social gaps among them around the mining area.
Various perceptions had been developed along with the increasing numbers of both groups, the pro-contra side groups.The native citizens

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JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences {379 inhabiting the area were aware of the impacts caused by the small-scale mining companies.It undoubtedly influenced them when the company was largescale.It made them think about the enormous impacts on their surroundings and life sustainability, which heavily depends on agriculture.For any new citizens who did not have any field, the existence of large-scale mining companies gave them advantages, especially in dealing with job vacancies.
According to citizens who are aware of their environments, better social changes were made through protests and strikes.A structured social movement was needed to ensure that the voices that disagreed with the mining activities were accepted and considered.The primary purpose of the research is to determine why the mining conflict in Rembang is not solved.This research analyzes conflict and social movement dynamics in Rembang dealing with cement factory cases and how ideology frames all the people who fight for mining cement factories, which has not been explained in the research conducted by Puryanto (2018) and Suharko (2013Suharko ( , 2016)).
Conflict dynamics are called conflict stages.They are seen from the conflicted parties' quality and quantity of action models.Wehr and Bartos (2003) state that conflict dynamics can be seen from coercive action.Escalation of conflict will be higher when the intensity of coercion is higher and dreadful.
Conflict will deescalate when the coercion level lowers (Susan, 2009).Susan (2009) concludes that to understand conflict dynamics can be seen from two contexts.The first is from the source of conflict, and the second is the relationship between various conflicting parties.The source of conflict is a potency demanded by subjects or other concerned parties.Conflict potencies include natural resources, religious interpretation differences, and perceptions.Meanwhile, the characteristics of conflict relationships are examined by looking at conflict sociological contexts, such as positivistic, criticism, or humanism.
According to Fisher et al. (2001), stages of conflict dynamics consist of pre-conflict, confrontation, crisis, and post-conflict.Pre-conflict covers the initial period where the targets are inappropriately between two parties or, more so, conflict occurs.Conflict is hidden from a general perspective even done intensely and massively.In this crisis stage, conflict will be assumed as a broader battle.One of the parties may win or lose.Any negotiation stage has been done, and then it depends on the conflict-handling process.Postconflict is when conflict is ended by each conflict-handling method to end harmful tensions, and the conflict deescalates.
Dealing with the cement Rembang case, the conflict dynamics had three stages, and now the conflict continues.Unfortunately, there have not been any certain efforts to handle it.The stages of the conflict involve preconflict, confrontation, and crisis.Meanwhile, the post-conflict has not been realized.The pre-conflict stage involved conflict with small-scale mining or C -excavation, which has existed since 1996.Then, it was followed by an increasing number of mining companies around the Watuputih area.Confrontation is a stage where society has started their protest, bringing up their protest, which was experienced due to the impacts of mining.It was more intense when society discovered that mining factories would be built there.The conflict stage developed during the crisis era when various strike actions had been organized and sustainably done until now.Conflict handling such as mediation, negotiation, discussion, and forum discussion have been done until now, but the conflict continues.Since the handling stage is ongoing, the conflict has not concluded who the winner and loser are.
The study discusses mining activities and their associated social and environmental impacts around Watuputih Mountain in Gunung Rembang, Indonesia.It also highlights the conflict due to these mining activities and the struggle to resolve it.The research goal is to understand why the conflict related to mining in Rembang has not been resolved and to analyze the dynamics of conflict and social movements in the context of a cement factory case.

B. Method
This research was conducted in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.This research used a qualitative approach based on Wehr and Bartos's analytic review.The qualitative method is a case study.The case study is a qualitative approach that aims to understand cement factory conflict cases, analyze cement factory conflict dynamics, and find a final analysis of cement factory conflict cases.The data source was collected through documentation and deep interviews with 20 informants joining the mining-refusing movement.In-depth interviews were conducted using structured questions: Why has resistance been carried out until now?Is there a leading actor who pushed it?Is there a mystical power that helps social movements?Also, documentation data was taken from the news.
Before being used, the data result was triangulated in terms of its source, methodology, and technique.The data analysis used Mile and Huberman techniques by first reducing the data, verifying, and concluding.

C. Result and Discussion
1. Result a. Pre-protest Since there have been many mining companies in Tegaldowo village, Gunem district, Rembang, Central Java since 1996 by PT, SAF (Sinar Asia Fortune), it was followed by other mining factories (Puryanto, 2019).It caused various problems that became conflicts and developed quickly due to various motivations from the surrounding society, which refused the existence of mining companies.Since then, twenty mining companies have legally been permitted to build factories.
The conflict between society and small-scale mining companies was started by a land area conflict that involved various parties.The conflict was started by despotic action from certain persons who took over land owned by the people to be used as an entrance to mining by heavy vehicles.The information access from the village to the government was closed.
Thus, the society could only keep their objection, which led to the strike due to the existence of the cement factory, PT.Semen Indonesia Tbk.This refusal of action toward small-scale mining companies or Cexcavations has emerged since PT.Semen Indonesia Tbk's factory exists in Tegaldowo Village.The action gained support from the nearest societies, Timbrangan, Pasucen, Suntri, Dowan, and Kadiwono villages (Puryanto, S., et al., 2018).
Cement Gresik company (before it turned into Semen Indonesia) failed to build its factories in the Pati regency area in 2009 due to society's refusal, which was supported by local SCO and NGOs that did not want any large-scale mining companies.They were considered companies with principles to develop and enlarge their areas for their advantage and to be called the great dominator and distributor of national cement, so they needed to enlarge their area.Since 2011, Rembang has become the next area orientation.
Rembang is a resourceful city, full of natural resources and various mining minerals -from karst, andesite, limestone, split stone, quartz sand, and others.The small-scale mining companies spread to all districts in Rembang, starting from Sarang until Kragan, Sluke, Lasem, Sedan, Pamotan, and Gunem.
The increasing numbers of mining companies reached their distributive top numbers since H. Moch Salim era, the major officiated there.He was known as a landowner in Rembang.During his two periods as the major, Rembang had improved welfare, but it was only experienced by the middle and high economic classes.Massive exploitation occurred in Rembang until the present day.There are many mountains flattened into the land.There are

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JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences {383 several missing ecosystems because mining companies no longer think about them.They did not realize that humans would face the impacts by themselves.Dominant economic concerns lured them.
The question is: If the mining companies can support the economic level of Rembang citizens, why are there still many poor areas in Central Java province?Who is the rich man and the poor man?Thus, if the domination of such companies is continued, it will only make the high-level people richer instead of the low and moderate people due to the depleted natural resources.On the other hand, the number of human resources remains still.
They will face problems due to the depleted natural resources.
It is normal and a must if several people intentionally refuse the permission of mining company in Rembang regency since Rembang's nature has been critically endangered.Several remaining mountains are not equal to those owned by merchants whose mining rights.In other words, capitalism is not only born, but it has been their soul.They are full of capitalist desires that breach the essence of capitalism.This current era is no longer the 17th-century era nor the 18th-century era, where capitalism became the icon that had to be gained without considering other aspects and only prioritizing its benefits.In other words, capitalism in Rembang is reckless.The essence of capitalism has deviated from its original meaning.Marx's gaps appear again in Rembang in the middle of the modern era.Thus, it triggered the Marxism movement in Rembang since there were several classes, such as brogues and proletarian, poor, and high class.
The social movement in Tegalwado seems as if it was in the Marxism era, where capital power tricks, excavates, and sucks with no mercy until the weakness points.The economy becomes dominant in each action since it can determine everything.It is different with several perspectives of Tegaldowo citizens.They experienced a high satisfaction level with all agriculture products.The fertile soil provides a resourceful economy for them, and it is not because of mining companies that have been running for 20 years -with no better impacts but only negative impacts on nature.Changes bring them new spirits, although they are depressed and frustrated.Some citizens have learned from their previous experience that the intention to rebel begins to appear.Moreover, due to their time learning various situations and conditions around their environment, they fight against the world that annihilates their civilization.Each of them has realized that they are trapped in a tear prison that has deviated from their cultures.
To be visually and mentally literate, they are awake from the nightmare covering them.That was the description of the society's determination, which has been saturated due to the existence of PT.Semen Indonesia Tbk.citizens in Tegaldowo refused the cement factory.Then, there was a conflict between the society and the factory.Before the conflict with capitalists of cement factories, conflict with capitalists in the 17 th and 18 th centuries had emerged.It could be seen in small-scale companies that existed before PT.
Therefore, this passage describes a long-standing conflict between mining companies and the local community in Rembang, Indonesia.The conflict encompasses economic, environmental, and cultural aspects, with the community expressing its dissatisfaction with the negative impacts of capitalism and resource exploitation.The passage also suggests a growing resistance and activism among the affected community members.

b. Action
As the cause of the social movement explained previously, the conflict between Tegaldowo citizens and PT is known.Semen Indonesia Tbk was caused by several previous conflicts since small-scale mining companies of Cexcavation emerged in the middle of the society.At that time, various conflicts were grouped into agrarian, personal, group, and local author apparatuses.
The cause of the conflicts was agricultural conflict back then, which has not been solved until today due to several persons such as brokers and local author apparatus.The initial conflicts occurred since society could not accept any heavy vehicles passing by the street.Such vehicles destroyed their plants on the people's lands.However, they kept it by themselves for years.
On the other hand, the mining companies were unaware of it and took over several areas of the people's land.
Their silent attitudes when the companies overtook their land occurred because they were afraid and powerless about their rights upon their owned lands, which were not acknowledged legally by the law.It was getting worse since several parties were threatening them.They would take the people's rights inherited from their elders.
Their weakness in dealing with legal land rights based on the law became an ultimate weapon for specific purposes.The people were cornered e-ISSN: 2443-2067 386} JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences and tricked.Thus, it was easy for those parties to overtake the people's lands.
It was intentionally done by exploiting the people's lack of understanding of those parties' profits.
Feeling frustrated, disappointed, and unsatisfied became their reasons to fight against injustice and reclaim their rights.Their rights as minor people were ignored for collective and quantity purposes.It made their hopes fade since the discussion did not get any result because of the principle of the discussion -using the primary party principle instead of the righteous principle.Keeping all their frustrations for twenty years made them understand well the meaning of becoming victims.Kabeh ono mangsane was an utterance back then, which seemed to be the answer to all problems.It was the right time to prove what they believed would bear fruit.The belief about values and principles had been owned for so long and had lots of effort.
Society began to move to get clarity about the hidden things from them.
They were motivated to dare themselves to question the existence of cement factories in their area, the local village author.It was presented by five youths meeting the local village author to ask about the news of cement factories.
Since around late 2012, several youths dared to ask the truth of the news, but the response did not answer them.The youths and society then co-joint and got more intense in discussing to determine the next steps.
In March 2013, the discussion resulted in a trial to ask the same question to the district government.However, the response from the district author was still the same.Before the action, a similar thing was addressed to the district author.Several representatives of youths observed the situation of The protest movement from the conflict case in Rembang could be considered a social movement, although it had not been fostered by an organization indicating a movement.However, there were other elements, such as (1) increasing numbers of (and participants) of coercive action and/or structured and unstructured protest (especially in the forms of crowds) appropriately, (2) raising of massive opinions, (3) addressed to several central persons, and ( 4) being an effort to change macro and microstructures of central institutions (Lofland, cited Ngadisah, 2003).
Therefore, the social movement in Tegaldowo emerged in response to long-standing issues related to land rights, environmental damage, and the presence of cement factories.The local community, especially the youth, initiated inquiries, observations, letter campaigns, and protests to address these concerns and effect change.At the beginning of its emergence, it had no specific purpose.The only idea was that a group of people refusing the factory should be facilitated in one community, a bond with each other.From those explanations, the social community occurred because of the same beliefs, blood, principles, and notions, plus various other factors with the same purposes within law regulation.Then, although they were intimidated, the community remained polite and was not radical since it could deviate if the movement turned radical.Gusfiled (1970) states that protests with rebellion, spontaneous strikes, brawling, and walkouts would deviate from the original agenda and purposes.
Although formally, the community was not acknowledged by the village government, symbolically, the community remained still, and it understood better that an organization should not always have law.However, it symbolically asserted that an organization depends on initial purposes, how the purpose consistency could be defended, increasing numbers of members, and structured actions.They thought an organization created politically or with specific purposes would deviate from its original purpose.
Then, the community built by the society could be considered an unlimited community.It was founded upon the mechanical solidarity of each awareness without any specific purposes or intentions.
The community joining JMPPK Rembang was based on collective solidarity among the groups experiencing the same fates about such conflict.The JMPPK consisted of JMPPK Pati, Blora, and Grobogan.The organization got stronger due to the support of various sectors nationally, but it remained within primordial substances and mechanic solidarity.
Since then, the action has spread from regional to national levels.The people did the action as an extension symbolically to express their opinions, to be understood, and to be comprehended by other parties.It was also to make their purposes met.This action was done simultaneously by dozens of people gathering and moving to their land field.They put the symbol as evidence to deny the factories.
The symbols, such as posters, banners, or other things, were frequently set up.They were put at several places around the contra-side parties.It meant that the symbols became their weapons to keep their existence and protect them from other parties threatening or offering them.It was seen that several times, cement factories gave many daily primary needs, but the people did not want to accept them.
The realization of refusing efforts was having spiritual teachings and istighosahan conducted by several groups.They invited several religious figures in Rembang.This action was intended as a protest within the religiosity theme and to prove that their actions were not based on strange things but were seen from religiosity factors, the truth.
The religiosity action was done continuously.The first was a general recitation in Mbah Ronggdito's cemetery, a village pioneer.It was attended by hundreds of people from various surrounding villages around Tegaldowo by having istighosah to keep the natural environment from destruction.The action was done on October 22, 2013.The istighosah was conducted again in a different place.It was in Tegaldowo's field, attended by the same religious figures with the same purposes.

f. Crisis
The movement was getting wider and opened to fight against the cement factories.It could be seen from the dismissal action during the awarding of the price of the healthy walk event done by the community in October 2013.Hundreds of people visited the place of awarding price in the cement factory area in Mantingan forestry, Bulu district.
Several securities blockaded the action, but since they were outnumbered, plus the people who kept fighting, they could breach and keep their planning ongoing.
After arriving at the spot, the awarding price, which the district party attended, was stopped.The stage was dismissed, and the event was forcefully stopped.The district party stated they would mediate between society and the cement factory.The action was ended, and the people returned to their houses.existence are interdependent.Destroying the environment can have farreaching consequences, and nature, viewed as an independent cosmos, reacts to critical situations in its own way.The destruction of nature not only jeopardizes the balance and harmony of the environment but also accelerates human greed, ultimately endangering the survival of both nature and humanity.The clash of paradigms, one prioritizing economic needs and development and the other emphasizing conservation and natural harmony, remains a subject of ongoing debate (Arrelano, 2011).
The conflict in Watuhputih has become a protracted and multifaceted issue that has raised questions about governance, environmental preservation, and the balance between economic development and conservation.The ongoing social movement is a testament to the deeply held beliefs of those involved and the complexities of the modern development paradigm.The ultimate resolution of this conflict remains uncertain and fraught with challenges.

D. Conclusion
A dark history of conflict and prolonged dynamics causes ideological conflicts.The record of the conflict's journey into a social movement in Rembang is a series of conflicts between the community and small-scale mining companies that were previously in conflict areas from the 90 th year and continued with conflicts with cement factories.Conflicts and social movements in Rembang will continue because the roots of conflict between the community and existing mining companies have not been resolved.The irrational views that have become the paradigm of rural communities create ideological conflicts that are increasingly ingrained and difficult to resolve quickly.

Bibliography
e-ISSN: 2443-2067 380} JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences though each party realizes each other's existence of confrontation and/or the possibility of tensions among several parties, but they tend to avoid any contact or confrontation with one another.Confrontation covers an open stage of conflict where various confrontational actions emerge.Crisis is called the climax of conflict.It is a developed conflict from various harmful actions e-ISSN: 2443-2067 382} JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences Any concerned persons accepted any interest from mining founders.They thought such things brought grist to his mill.In other words, what became the concern to make the mining process run smoothly was welcomed by several concerned persons to gain many profits by any means.They did not care if it did not align with society's interests.The village government did not adequately accommodate this social objection to such attitudes of the persons.It created hidden anger.
e-ISSN: 2443-2067 384} JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences For about 20 years, they were kept silent and full of objection, and it is getting worse no matter what.The citizens of Tegaldowo seem to face the danger that could annihilate them with no traces.It is all due to capitalism's desire.
Their fight back then was not shown off.They seemed to keep it secret because they had their cultural system built in the form of primordialism -to keep patient without any action, to accept sincerely, to keep living out although being pressured, intimidated, to keep patient in facing uncertainty, injustice, to stay low although they disagreed.This capitalist cultural system done by several capitalists created pure capitalism without meaning.It was a regression of a mechanism that the founding fathers had fostered.They saw the mechanism of capitalism from the outside parts, ignoring an integration principle: justice, righteousness, humanism, and prosperity.The term Kant was mistakenly understood from a narrow perspective.Capitalism in the Rembang era deviates from Adam Smith's reviewdenying the invisible hand within the righteous -justice framework but instead, on specific occasions, excusing the use of Adam Smith's capitalist version.The invisible hand has a broader meaning.It is not only a tendency of specific negative contexts but also positive.Dialectic plays a crucial role in understanding others' opinions.The fight against capitalism in Rembang became crucial in dealing with the social conflict of the cement factory, which seemed to be that the Ideological Conflict in Rembang (Case Study: Cement Mining Conflict in Rembang) Sidik Puryanto & Romi Siswanto JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences {385 Sidik Puryanto & Romi SiswantoJIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences {387 cement factories in Tuban, Eastern Java.They did it twice silently to get accurate data about the truth about cement factories.The first observation had hindrances and failed because of a lack of information to go to the cement factory in Tuban.Based on the agreement, they decided to go home and come back again on different occasions.After several days, after collecting various information about the factory accesses, they went to Tuban and successfully managed to the location.After looking at the actual field data for their background knowledge, their people about the negative impacts of cement factories.Several youth groups questioned the questioning action of the district government, but the response did not answer well.Then, a comprehensive dialogue among youths was done by creating a letter to the concerned parties.From the responses received from local village and district authors, it seemed irresponsibly responded.They addressed each other to answer the question.It made the youths more intense to discuss.A youth organization initiated the first discussion in the village meeting hall to get opinions about the impacts of the cement factories.The discussion failed because the village government argued that the government was not invited.The discussion was then forcefully dismissed.It was done by several apparatus and local thugs.Although it was a failure due to the forceful dismissal, it did not make the youths afraid.The action was then continued by sending a letter to the concerned parties.The letter demanded socialization from the cement factories in Tegaldowo, including the district government party.The letter was sent due to advice from the district author and the youths about what to do.Then, having a dozen youths, they moved to a post office in Rembang while doing a theater as a first realization to fight against cement factories.The sending letter action was firstly addressed to several government institutions, starting from district, regency, province, and country.The second sending letter action was done while casting out legs in front of the National Palace, addressed to the President, asserting to be e-ISSN: 2443-2067 388} JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences followed up by a decision of the Supreme Court.A lawsuit by JMPPK Rembang won the decision.However, it was not followed up by the Central Java governor dealing with the mining license of PT.Semen Indonesia Tbk.A group of youths and other people did the protest.It could be called semi-open protest, and cooperation could be achieved through an open discussion.It was done by making an assembly point of the society between pro and contra sides and a discussion place such as cangkruk, coffee shop, and by using jargon or symbols to fight against cement factories.
figure was positioning himself to be neutral.The community -the village government suppressed idea creation.The community was said to be illegal because, in their opinion, it should have passed several requirements, such as a notary certificate.
Since the strike in the village on June 22, 2013, several citizens have protested by rallying and visiting the Tegaldowo government office to refuse e-ISSN: 2443-2067 390} JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences the cement factories.It was getting out of control because the village did not respond positively.They were quarreling, and several members were intimidated by the concerned parties.The rally spread wider.On September 18, 2013, a hundred citizens joined the community, refusing the mining factories of JMPKK Rembang to visit the Regional People's Representative Assembly (DPRD) Rembang to insist that the Ministry of Forestry cancel the permit letter to use the forestry area proposed by PT.Semen Indonesia Tbk.The next protest was due to the deadlock situation of society's aspirations.The rally was continued on February 19, 2014.Thousands of people revisited the DPRD Rembang office.The members of JMPPK Rembang got higher due to support from other areas.Most of them were females.They joined the action by bringing symbols and posters.They were performing at a theater also.A long march started from the town square of Rembang until the city roundabout in front of DPRD.The action was out of control because their demands to meet the head of the house were unmet.A brawling action occurred between the strike members and security.During the strike, there was a moment of reading demand to cancel support and agreement to build cement factories in Rembang.There was also a demand to re-review the consistency of local regulation, RT/RW, province, and regency, which stated that the Watuputih area is a water ground area and is within a sanctuary area geologically.Then, several movements were continued in the village meeting hall the next day by having an initial discussion with the local government.They demanded the closure of the mining paths that were frequently passed.The citizens owned the paths and not owned by the miners.They also demanded Sidik Puryanto & Romi Siswanto JIP-The Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences {391 the closure of the mining lanes due to sound and environmental pollution.A dialog turned into chaos because several mining owners did not accept it.They hired several thugs to secure and intimidate them.They faced resistance and intimidation from various parties as they sought to protect their land, environment, and community from the perceived negative impacts of the cement industry.d.The DPRD's member expulsion The expulsion occurred after the rally in September 2013.The members of DPRD who visited them were the chief and the vice, accompanied by the district author.They visited Ngablak village, Tegaldowo.They intended to explain cement factories to the people.Their visits made society listen to what was directed.It was initiated by several questions concerning the society and forced them coercively, which made the society respond negatively, but in contrast.Several of them were coming and bringing anything to expulse the members.Then, they moved to an apparatus house by bringing many clubs.They surrounded the house, but the advisors stopped it.e.The Setting Up of Plang or Board as Symbols to Refuse Selling Land Field to Cement FactoriesIn March 2012, the community refusing cement factories set up boards (signposts in the form of crossing wooden boards, meaning a prohibition) at their land fields.If it functioned as a symbol that told PT that the land would never be sold anytime to PT, Semen Indonesia Tbk.The people preferred agriculture as their identity and heritage from their elders.