Teungku Chiek Dirundeng's Struggle in Confronting Dutch Colonial Syamsuar

This research discussed about the study of TeungkuChiekDirundeng’s struggle in confronting Dutch colonial. Teungku Chiek Dirundeng was one of the Moslem scholars and one of the fighters in South West Coast, who had developed human civilization and education through dayah. Moreover, he found the Dutch in order to defend the territory; the war was called by the Sabil (holy) war. The term of the Sabil War had motivated his troops and followers to have a high fighting spirit. This story was enshrined in Aceh story, namely Hikayat Teungku in Meukek. This research applied qualitative methods. It told about his birth and his struggle comprehensively. The data were collected through interviews, observation and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The findings of this study revealed that Teungku Chiek Dirundeng as a respected figure in society. He was also identical with the dayah education since he had promoted establishing the dayah. Dayah was a building center for guiding the human to understand religious values and the sabil war ideology to defy Dutch colonial. There were some dayahs built by Teungku Chiek Dirundeng such as dayah in DamaTutong, in Meukek, in Plumat, in Labuhan Haji, and the last in Rundeng, Meulaboh. On the other hand, Teungku Chiek Dirundeng was a fighter who continually fought the Dutch. In 1893, he, along with his troops, had confronted with the other Muslims, namely Teuku Raja Hitam (UleeBalang/King of Meulaboh). In this war, Teungku Chiek Dirundeng and his troops got defeated because Ulee Balang was assisted by the Dutch.


A. Introduction
The horizontal conflict used to occur in the history of Aceh, especially in the Dutch colonialism phase in Aceh.This event occurred not only because of colonial purpose to keep up or expand their colonial power by involving community groups but also because of the conflict of power interest in the community themselves.Dirundeng war became more interesting because two elite community groups of structural and functional in the Acehnese, there were Uleebalang group and Teungku group that had a similar community even though had dominant in one of the groups.Uleebalang functions and authorities were given by the kingdom to control their wealth, political influence, and their place related to violence usage as the power of a government (Ibrahim, 1970).For the Dutch, uleebalang was their primary power in Aceh.They treated uleebalang very carefully.Besides to avoid Uleebalang resistance itself to the Colonial Government, and also to avoid the envious from other Uleebalang that become their enemies because of this special treatment.(Reid, 2005).
It showed that colonialism could not able to stand on their own power without involving the existing elements of local power.When Umar supported the Dutch, he was accused of being a traitor even though some Acehnese saw it as his strategy to steal the colonial weapon.In some history, the study stated that colonialism could not be attacked by using one perspective.For example, the community showed good and bad and right or wrong judgments for one group or an event, or for everyone.In this research shows some war events of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng, it was the whole series of struggle history of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng himself.
Teungku is another name of the Islamic scholar or ulama, who was a religious leader (Islam) who had an important role in Acehnese society because he established the supra-village power tradition and Acehnese culture.Their role seemed more crucial after the defeat of Aceh Kingdom from the Dutch during their aggression toward Aceh kingdom (starting in 1873).Ulamas (Islamic Scholars) was outside the power structure, but they became the leaders of the community.The emptiness was increased when some of uleebalang and local leaders could be tamed too (Abdullah, 1983)   Therefore, the purposes of this study intend to examine his life history, his struggle and his contribution to region and society in the southern region of Aceh and want to know the extent of his influence in the region.
The narration of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng provided in a saga (hikayat) written by Teungku Malem on Lila Perkasa uleebalang Meulaboh instruction (Istiqamatunnisak, 2012).The short saga told that the battle of Teungku Dirundeng fought uleebalang Meulaboh was led by Teuku Chiek Itam Teuboh, who has appellation "Lila Perkasa".Based on the problems above that we want to write this research, to make the community know Teungku Dirundeng's profile and his struggles, and to tell his history as knowledge and learning for the next generations.

B. Method
This study used qualitative methods to study the history of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng and the resistance he did to the Dutch.Data were taken through in-depth interviews, observation (participant observation), and Focus Group Discourse (FGD), in which the FGD method, the researcher could obtain a comprehensive understanding of the history and struggle faced by Teungku Dirundeng through the informants across generations.The determination of informants was taken by purposive sampling with the core informants who would become the subjects of research including the community figures who had been born (between the early XIX century and XX century) or scientists who understood the struggle of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng.

Finding
The history of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng began when he wanted to find his father in the South West Coast area precisely in Batee Tunggai, South Aceh.Based on an interview with Teungku Jauhari, indicated that the father of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng, named T. Raja Ibrahim, was sent by the king to serve in the South West Coast, when Teungku Chiek Dirundeng was still in the womb.When Teungku Chiek Dirundeng was 7 years old, he went with his group for 44 days to the Batee Tunggai area that made him known as Teungku Aneuk Batee Tunggai.The name was given because his father was named by the surrounding community as Teungku Batee Tunggai.
Teungku Chiek Dirundeng also lived in Dama Tutong so that in the end he was known as Teungku Dama Tutong.While living in Dama Tutong, he also taught various religious studies for the community ( Dadek, 2015).While there, he led the people and spread Islam, besides that he was also famous for the war leaders in fighting with the Dutch.
During his life, Teungku Chik was well-known as a very generous person.
The generosity he did with granting his property for the benefit of the During the battle of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng against the Dutch in Tapak Tuan, he and his troops were defeated and many of his troops were killed.One of the factors which caused the defeat was because the Dutch troops were more complete and powerful in weapons, so Tapak Tuan area fell to the Dutch (Dadek, 2017).After Tapak Tuan was controlled by the Dutch, Teungku Chik Dirundeng and his loyal followers migrated and settled into the Meukek area so that he was known as Teungku Di Meukek.During his staying in Meukek, Teungku Chiek also built a dayah to educate the people and to instill the ideology of sabil war, so that people were not afraid to fight the Dutch.
In addition, he built a number of the fortress (kuta) as a place of defense of the war against the Dutch.After a long stay in Meukek, the Dutch finally found out his whereabouts and followers.Teungku Chiek Dirundeng and his followers fought with the Dutch, the war lasted for seven days.In this war, Teungku Chik Dirundeng used the strategy of guerrilla warfare in the swamps.In this war, many followers of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng were martyred (Dadek, 2017) that caused him to step back and entered the forests located in the Meukek area.

Translate:
Who is fighting the infidels in the battlefield Intention to elevate religious rights In the name of Allah and Islam Infidels goes to the hell Sabilillah is called war God finally gives heaven Follow the order until death The god's reward will be perfect.
The above saga can be explained that the spirit to fight the invaders was solely to obtain the reward of martyrdom and the pleasure of Allah.That ideology was instilled not to be afraid of the Dutch colonial.Therefore, in his point of view, to maintain Aceh's sovereignty was as meaningful as defending Islam.This principle was in line with the sabil war ideology developed by the Aceh Islamic Scholar (Ulama) at that time.

Hikayat
As a war leader, Teungku could be said to be a strong commander who had the power of belief.What he did in the warfare on the West Coast of Aceh was almost similar to the stories of figures in the Sabil War saga, where they picked up the martyrs willingly to attend the war even though they had reasons not to fight.
For Instance, the young man, Abdul Wahid had a reason for not fighting because he was not old enough, while Said Salmi had just married when there was a war call and could be used as a deterrent to war.But they prefered to pick up martyrs rather than dissolved in worldly pleasures.
That was also done by Teungku Chiek in Rundeng.After the war in Tapaktuan, Teungku could actually spend his life teaching the religion of Acehnese children and living quietly with his family, but he decided to lead the struggle in Meulaboh by leaving his family in Meukek.
. in 1874, This federation led by the old uleebalang when the Dutch arrived at Meulaboh, his name Teungku Chiek Ali.Kehulubalangan Meulaboh could be controlled by the colonial government when they succeeded to assign Teuku Itam Teuboh (Teuku Keujruen Muda's younger brother) as a new uleebalang after the previous uleebalang death, Teuku Chiek Ali.The appointment and support of Teuku e-ISSN: 2443-2067 JIP-The International Journal of Social Sciences 146} Itam Teuboh to the Dutch was able to weaken his brother's resistance slowly because the legitimacy of Teuku Keujruen Muda was more due to the weak leadership of his elder father.The existence of strong young uleebalang able to control the government slowly, his influence began to erode in the coastal community but still lived in rural communities.The influence of movement followed by the displacement of Muslim's headquarters to the rural area.The resistance of Meulaboh people toward the colonials continued until the death of their main leader.When the resistance spirit was revived by Teungku Dirundeng in 1893, many previous Meulaboh war veterans and previous Muslim communities had joined and supported Teungku followers.Uleebalang of Woyla and Bubon even stated that they were ready to join and fight with Dirundeng group.The interesting thing about Teungku Dirundeng history was the battle between his group and the uleebalang Meulaboh group had similarities with the Paderi war in West Sumatra.The similarities were in the Paderi war that occurred because of religious and economic problems, whereas in Dirundeng war, it was estimated because of the same problems and compounded by political factors that Teuku Itam Teuboh Lila Perkasa felt his authority and legitimacy was sued by the illegal new leader.
people.One of them was the Al-Muqaddas Mosque which was formerly the Kuta/ defense fortress of Teungku Chik Dirundeng located in Gampong Darat, Johan Pahlawan Sub-district, West Aceh Regency.In addition, many other lands were donated and represented by Teungku Chik Dirundeng, such as the land of the Dolog office located at the location of the Muhammadiyah development complex and the Midwifery Academy, the land of Mesjid Nurul Huda (Syamsuar, Vol 1).During his life, Teungku Chiek Dirundeng had married twice.According to an interview with Teungku Jauhari, the first wife was named Nyak Buleun binti T. Raja Itam in Meukek (now South Aceh).Their marriage was estimated to occur in 1845 when Teungku Chiek Dirundeng was 15 years old.The result of the marriage with Nyak Buleun, they were blessed e-ISSN: 2443-2067 JIP-The International Journal of Social Sciences 148} with three children namely Taungku H. Basyah (died 1946 in Blang Blahdeh Village, Meukek District, South Aceh), Nyak Gadih (Fatimah), and the third Cut A'isyah (Nyak Aisyah).The second wife of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng was Cut Nyak Puteh (younger brother from Uleebalang Meulaboh) who lived in Cot Seumeureung/ Cot Darat Village, Samatiga District, Meulaboh (present-day West Aceh).The results of their marriage are blessed with one daughter, Cut Ubit or commonly called Nekja Ubit.
This step was taken by Teungku Chiek Dirundeng to hide while waiting for the Dutch to neglect.However, the Dutch continued to search for Teungku Chiek Dirundeng and his troops in various ways such as intimidation to the community, spies and patrolling.The search for Teungku Chiek Dirundeng was done because he used to encourage people to against the Dutch wherever he lived.This led the Dutch to have the intention to kill Teungku Chik Dirundeng who used to hamper their attempts to conquer Aceh.

Syamsuar
fight with another fellow Muslims, Teuku Chiek Itam Teuboh, who was known as Lila Perkasa which was assisted by the Dutch.However, the story of Teungku Dimeukek did not tell how the biography and pedigree and Teungku's struggle in its entirety.Therefore the research on Teungku Chiek Dirundeng needs to be carried out so that biographies, family trees and his struggle against the Dutch can be presented to the history in order to fill out the gaps to the existing literature.That made the Dutch use the Dutch interests to work with TeukuRaja Itam to have a considerable influence.Second, Meulaboh is a strategic center located in the western region of Aceh.Besides that, Meulaboh is also a central center of trade and an authority control center, making Meulaboh the central center of the South West coast government( Dadek & Hermansyah, 2016).Third, the Dutch did not want Teungku Chik Dirundeng to control Meulaboh, because it would be difficult for the Dutch(Teuku Dadek, 2017).The war which lasted for 7 days made Teungku Chik Dirundeng suffer defeat.
Teungku di Meukek, a saga that tells the story of the struggle of Teungku Chiek Dirundeng in his battle with uleebalang e-ISSN: 2443-2067 JIP-The International Journal of Social Sciences 154} Meulaboh Teuku Itam Teuboh Lila Perkasa, was an acknowledgment of the existence of an Acehnese ulama and war leader against the Dutch colonial in the west coast of Aceh, which started from Tapaktuan, Meukek, and ended in Rundeng Meulaboh.Hikayat (the saga) was written because Uleebalang Meulaboh's message also told us about the respect and reverence of the uleebalang against Teungku Chiek in Rundeng who was used to be his enemy, and the reverence also implicitly showed that a reconciliation process has begun between the two warring groups.Teungku Chiek in Rundeng was one of the majors of West Coast Aceh scholars who became a sabil war ideology and continued to inflame the spirit of resistance to Dutch colonialism.This anti-Dutch feeling was developed through educational institutions that he led since the first West Coast Aceh war erupted in 1874.Teungku hatred of the Dutch because the Dutch's presence might destroy Aceh as an Islamic kingdom and the disruption of religious, social and cultural life in Aceh.
Teungku Teuku Abdullah or Teungku Dimeukek (popular name) or Teungku Chiek Dirundeng was ulama on the west coast of Aceh in the late 19th century.Because of his influence, his name enshrined in State Islamic College at Meulaboh, West Aceh district now.Besides, his name was famous in societies' memories, but a little study about his history was revealed by the Acehnese people, particularly the people of West Aceh.