Correlation of Islamic Spirituality in Reducing Student’s Delinquency Problems

This study aimed to identify the relationship between Islamic spirituality and the level of delinquent behavior. Islamic spirituality among students is studied in terms of belief and faith, extrinsic and intrinsic aspects. This study used the survey method. The sample of this study was selected using random sampling. Data was collected from a pilot sample of 120 Malay students studying in ordinary secondary schools in Johor using questionnaires. The research questionnaire used Islamic Spiritual Disposition Questionaire (ISDQ) developed by Mohd Zailani (2009) and Delinquency Behaviour Disposition questionnaires developed by Carl Jung’s (1997). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. The analysis of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of Islamic spirituality and the level of delinquent behavior among students. The findings of the study showed that the domains involved in Islamic spirituality may reduce the tendency of delinquent behavior among students.


A. Introduction
Delinquent behavior is a violation of regulations involving students who are still in school. For example, delinquent behavior is school abandonment, involvement in criminal matters, bullying, vandalism, hanging out, free sex, out-of-wedlock, smoking and so on.
Student involvement in delinquent issues is often featured in print and electronic media. The frequency of media coverage of delinquent issues has alarmed everyone. This concern arises because adolescents' involvement in delinquency issues has a serious impact on the process of moral development that occurs within them (Kretsch & Harden, 2014). If this problem is not properly addressed, the problem of delinquency among adolescents has implications not only on themselves but on the social system of society in the future (Ellis et al., 2012). As a result of the effects of delinquent behavior on oneself and society, scholars in theology and religion have identified the role of religious and spiritual factors as factors that may reduce students' tendency to engage in delinquent behavior (Norenzayan, 2014).
The role of religion in influencing behavior is a study often conducted by past and present scholars. There is no denying that there are various studies on the effectiveness of religion in influencing aspects of life such as the impact of religion on household aspects, employment, social systems, education, politics, gender and so on. However, studies on the nature of religious and spiritual reasoning in the development of adolescent moral behavior are empirically limited (King & Furrow, 2004). Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the role of students 'Islamic spiritual tendencies based on their faith intrinsic and extrinsic domains in influencing students' behavioral tendencies. In Malaysia, studies on the role of religion and spirituality have been studied in aspects related to moral development by Mohd Zailani Mohd Yusoff (2009). This study conducted a study on the role of religion and spirituality in influencing the moral considerations of students studying in religious secondary schools. The findings show that the spiritual inclinations of religious school students influence the process of moral judgment they have. Students studying in religious secondary schools receive a deeper religious education and focus on a comprehensive religious education curriculum. Through exposure to the religious education curriculum as a whole the researcher found that the findings of the study conducted by these scholars are relevant to the situation and context of the respondents being studied.

B. Background of Study
In addition there are scholars who also conduct research on adolescent psychology by developing instruments related to Islamic psychology approaches. This scholar develops a psychometric instrument based on the ideals of contemporary transformation, culture and social development based on Islamic teachings. Studies on the construction of this instrument were conducted by scholars (Anwar, 2017). This study was conducted to provide an alternative to the use of benchmarks for psychometric testing. Previously, the psychometric gauge used in Malaysia was a western conceptual gauge. Therefore, when measuring the concept of the Islamic perspective it is possible to explain the impact of Islamic teachings in influencing individual perspectives. The study on instrumentation was conducted based on the Islamic mindset among 490 adolescents in drug rehabilitation centers. The findings show that thinking based on Islamic concepts among adolescents in drug rehabilitation centers is at a low level.
The findings of the study obtained by scholars (Anwar, 2017) are similar to those conducted by (Yahya et al., 2016). A study by (Yahya et al., 2016) examined the level of religious appreciation among unmarried pregnant students. The findings of the study show that students who are pregnant without marriage have low levels of religious appreciation.
However, there are studies of knowledge and moral reasoning because, development based on the spiritual and religious aspects of adolescence occurs in two aspects, namely, those that lead to the development of behavioral prevention and those that lead to the formation of good behavior (Barry, 2015). Behavior prevention refers to non-religious activities and behavior formation refers to what religion wants their believer to do.
Adolescents' knowledge of the domains of faith and beliefs, intrinsic and extrinsic, are among the major factors that drive the formation of good behavior in themselves. This is supported by a study conducted by Mohd Zailani (2009)  The domains are faith and belief, intrinsic and extrinsic.
C. Method

Research Design
This research used a quantitative approach. The technique of research is cross-sectional studies in Johor Malaysia. The sampling of study selected using targeted sampling techniques, which focused on samples that were reported to frequently commit disciplinary errors through their respective counselors and school teachers. Table 1 presents the distribution of study subjects based on demographic factors. Table 1 presents the distribution of study subjects based on demographic factors. Table 1 shows that the quantity of female students is higher than that of male students. This study involved grade 4 students 16 years old.

Research Instrument
In this study, the instrument used was a set of a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts. Part A contains student information such as gender, age, and level. Part B is a measure of spiritual inclination. The researcher uses the survey instrument Islamic Spiritual Disposition Questionaire (ISDQ) developed by Mohd Zailani (2009). In this study, the researcher selected 34 items only. Each item is measured on a 5-point Likert scale. There are 5 possible answers from strongly agree (5 points) to strongly disagree (1 point). The reliability of this questionnaire was 0.94. These values indicate that this instrument is suitable for measuring spiritual inclination among students. The instrument used to study delinquent behavior tendencies is Carl Jung's (1997) delinquent behavior instrument.
There are five answer options ranging from never to doing to always doing. The reliability of this questionnaire was 0.93. These values indicate that this benchmark is suitable for use in the context of school students.

Finding
The tendency of delinquent behavior among students is measured based on the level of the tendency of students involved in delinquent problems. The researcher uses the degree of determinants discussed in explaining the degree of behavioral tendency. Table 2 shows the degree of the tendency of delinquent behavior among students. The Relationship between delinquent behavior tendencies. Table 3 shows the relationship between students' delinquent behavior tendencies to the domain of faith and spirituality, intrinsic and extrinsic.

Variable Delinquent behavioral tendencies Sig
Faith and spirituality r = -.340** .00 Intrisic r = -.293** .01 Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship of delinquent behavior to faith and spirituality as well as to intrinsic. The findings indicate that there was a significant relationship between delinquent behavior and faith and spirituality (r = .340, p <0.05).
Delinquent behavioral tendencies were also significantly associated with intrinsic factors (r =. -293, p <0.05). Negative values on correlation coefficients indicate that when the delinquency tendency is low its shows that, the student's faith and spirituality and intrinsic is high.

Discussion
The results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between the domain of trust and faith and the tendency of delinquent behavior. In addition, the findings from the analysis also show that intrinsic factors are also significantly associated with the degree of the tendency of students' delinquent behavior. The results obtained from the study indicate that religious factors possessed by individuals have a tendency to influence one's behavior. In other words, any change in one's religious beliefs affects their involvement in negative behaviors.
Researchers have concluded that in order to reduce student involvement in delinquent issues, they need to be well-educated on the religious appreciation. Having a strong religious belief in one can be a guide for students to choose behaviors that can positively impact their self.
There is a positive effect on students when their religious beliefs are high. This is because in religious teachings things are forbidden and things are asked to be set in the teachings of the religion being followed  (Mayasari, 2014). Therefore, when teenagers adhere to religious teachings, they can consider their actions as their own choice. The elements of religion, especially in relation to belief and faith, are factors that can shape behavior. This is because when students hold on to the one and only God, the inner element is especially spiritual and they can strengthen themselves to love something positive (Saparudin, 2018). At the same time, the effects of this inhalation, the individual's heart calms down and helps to cleanse themselves from the influence of evil elements that constantly tempt people to commit evil (Salleh et al., 2017) The study's findings show that 'spiritual guidance' are some of the key factors influencing adolescent behavior.
Intrinsic factors need to be constantly reinforced in adolescents.
Weakening the tendency of delinquent behavior among students should be driven by internal motivation. In the context of behavior and the role of religion, researchers have found intrinsic elements to be self-regulating of delinquent behavior tendencies. Items or elements that enhance students' intrinsic strength should be identified so that delinquent behavioral tendencies can be mitigated.

D. Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study the researcher can identify several implications of the study. The first implication is that this study can help the counselor identify programs that enhance student religious identity and programs that can provide intrinsic motivation in strengthening students' religious beliefs and beliefs. The programs created should be more up-to-date because in addition to strengthening the religious beliefs and practices of the personal development process, too. In this regard, when students are formed with a religious program they not only form a belief in religion but also stimulate the process of development within themselves. Specifically, this study aimed to examine the relationship of delinquent behavior to the domain of trust and faith as