Learning of Multimedia-Based Physics Concept Applications to Improve Students’ Motivation and Science Process Skills

Physics concept application is widely applied in daily life but students have a lack of knowledgeconcerning the concept of physics application. This research aimed to examine the motivation and skills of the scientific process through learning the concept of multimedia-based physics applications. This is experimental research, conducted on Year IX students of Islamic Senior High School. Samples were taken with purposive sampling techniques and divided into two groups of Mastery Learning Scores (MLS), MLS ≥ 70 and MLS< 70. Data were collected from Pre-test and post-test. The motivational data was presented through the category table, while the science process skills were analyzed using the Independent sample t-test. After the treatment, the initial motivation of the MLS class ≥ 70 was increased from 66.1% to 81.9%, while it was from 63% to 82.5% for the MLS class< 70. Besides, the final science process skillswere significantly different between the two classes, indicating byt count >t table 2.14 > 1.65. This study suggested that learning concepts of multimedia-based physics applications can improve student motivation in both classes, while the science process skills only affect the students of the MLS group ≥ 70.


A. Introduction
Physics is the science underlying the development of advanced technology and the harmony concept with nature (Ikramatul Atiyah et al., 2016;Novita, A.I., Pratowo, B.H.S., & Wahyuni, 2017). Physics is a lesson explaining knowledge about the universe that requires the ability to should be continuously trained to increase the thinking power and reasoning ability; however, not all students can learn the concepts of physics well (S. P. Astuti, 2015;Jumini, 2016). Physics is one of the subjects students find challenging and avoid because it requires perseverance, seriousness and a lot of practice; students find it difficult to understand it due to its many formulas, so they are less enthusiastic about learning (Bancong, 2017;Ornek et al., 2007). Students consider physics to be complicated, especially because learning takes place conventionally where students are required to memorize abstract formulas (Rosdianto, 2019). On the contrary, learning physics and science is easy using materials found around the environment as learning resources (Savitri, 2020), supported by interesting learning methods to provide ease of learning (Annisa, A. I., & Mundilarto, 2020;Fajriani, 2020;Paudi, 2019).
Currently, the process of learning physics in schools requires students to understand concepts, calculations, and formula, resulting in students assume that learning physics is similar to learning mathematics surrounded by many calculations; however, physics learning should deliver not only concepts but also the process of discovery and concept application (Utami, 2014;Zahara et al., 2018). Physics learning will be more interesting and meaningful if natural phenomena or applied physics are presented to students, such as physics applications in daily life. Real events seen will facilitate students when they encounter real incidents, and it can also foster students' scientific process skills (Artayasa, 2020;Darmaji, Astalini, et al., 2019;Nopitasari et al., 2012). Innovations in learning physics are required to overcome these problems, to increase learning motivation, and to provide a positive impression that physics is related to life and can be a solution to technological problems. One innovation to do by physics teachers is multimedia use to trigger learning motivation and science thinking process in students (Liew & Tan, 2016;Macleod, 2019;Martiningsih et al., 2018;Warsono et al., 2020). The use of multimedia aims to facilitate learning physics and change the paradigm among many students who assume that physics only about learning formulas and are not aware that many daily events and incidents related to science and technology in human life involve physics and the application of physics (Astalini et al., 2018;Siahaan et al., 2017). Real physics concepts, when presented through multimedia in the learning process, can help students to implement them in life. Introducing the applications of physics that are commonly used in life, both household appliances and those around them, such as solar panels, solar cooker, and other physics applications, will provide an impression to students that learning physics is necessary, which in turn will improve students' motivation to learn physics.
Motivation is crucial in the learning process to support optimum learning outcomes. The more precise the motivation provided, the more successful the lesson will be (Kartikasari, 2016). Motivation will always determine the magnitude of the students' learning effort. Changes in the teaching and learning patterns and the use of multimedia are necessary to foster motivation and science process skills of students, especially in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 (Duda et al., 2019). Multimedia is also an effective medium to enhance student motivation (Francis, 2017;Ikawati, 2017;Kusmanto et al., 2014;Rafmana et al., 2018). Student learning activities are improved, and students are more motivated when learning using multimedia compared to conventional learning (Iskandar et al., 2018). Furthermore, (Silalahi et al., 2018) reported that multimedia-based learning affected the students' motivation and achievement in the experimental group significantly higher than in the control group, with a significance level of 5%. In addition, multimedia can create a positive mood for students (Khan et al., 2019;Liew & Tan, 2016;Warsono et al., 2020), so they are more engaged in learning physics. This argument is supported by (Puspitasari et al., 2019), who found that 88% of multimedia can motivate students in learning physics. (Nurnasari & Nurindah, 2018) also argued that the use of multimedia would facilitate the teacher in the learning process and students in participating in learning resulting in the increased motivation.
The use of multimedia not only increases students' learning motivation but also supports the improvement of students' thinking and science process skills (Fonna, Teuku, et al., 2013;Nugroho & Surjono, 2019;Syawaludin et al., 2019;Warsono et al., 2020). This finding is in line with Haryadi et al., 2019), who reported in their research results that the use of multimedia learning influences the development of students' science process skills. Thus, the advantages of using multimedia in the physics learning process, especially the learning of multimedia-based physics concept application, is improving motivation and science process skills of students.
However, as far as this study was conducted, the discussion on "Learning of

Multimedia-Based Physics Concept Application to Improve Students'
Motivation and Science Process Process Skills" is new and has never been JIP-The International Journal of Social Sciences {685 studied by other researchers. Thus, this study focused on two important issues: students' motivation and science process skills.

B. Method
This The data collection was undertaken using test and non-test techniques. The test consisted of 13 multiple choice questions measuring the students' science process skills. It was validated using proanaltes, and only ten items were categorized as valid, with the r count being higher than the r table (0.728 > 0.444). At the significant level of 5%, the ten items were valid and reliable (Cronbach alpha =0.816). Besides, the discrimination index was excellent (0.80) for four items, good (0.60) for five items, adequate (0.40) for two items, and inadequate (0.20) for two items. The difficulty index of the items was medium, with an average of 0.450.
The non-test instrument used was a motivational questionnaire adopted from (Maisarah et al., 2015), with a Likert scale, to measure students' motivation. This multimedia-based learning product design was made by collecting the materials or content consisting of text, images, videos, and others that support the product making. The materials were then put together in a video and were validated by two validators. The motivational data were presented by a learning motivation category table (Syaifuddin, 1999).
Meanwhile, the data of students' science process skills were analyzed using parametric analysis techniques: normality, homogeneity, and independent sample t-tests to compare the initial and final ability of the students.

C. Result and Discussion 1. Result
Multimedia-based learning applications in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Aceh have positive implications for increasing student motivation. Research data, the use of multimedia in learning physics concepts applications 82.5% has positive implications for student motivation.
Furthermore, the application of learning the concept of multimediabased physics applications in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Aceh Besar also has positive implications for improving Science Process Skills (SPS). This refers to the indicators presented in Table 1. The SPS indicator and after tests on Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Aceh Besar students in the MLS class ≥ 70 showed a significant increase in scores between pretest and posttest. The test results also indicate the application of physics application concept learning has a positive impact on the improvement of SPS Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Aceh Besar students.

Discussion
The multimedia used in this research was the utilization of solar by (Rosamsi et al., 2019), that found the use of multimedia is effective for mastering concepts. That significant differences between students who used multimedia and those who did not (Aldridge, 2019). Meanwhile, (Putri, 2020) revealed that interactive multimedia based on educational games was appropriate to improve student interaction in the learning process. The results showed there was an increase in student engagement in learning physics by applying the learning of multimedia-based physics concept application. Thus, the advantages of the application of this learning compared to the use of multi-media-based physics learning media, the comparison is presented in Table 2. It is recommended to prepare the tools to use in the learning process so as not to reduce the duration of teaching and learning.

Learning activities
Not based on a predetermined textbook. Based on the textbook, and the appropriateness of the material presented in the media must be adjusted.

Content
Explaining the use of physics applications in everyday life, for example, the physics applications of sunlight for solar panels and solar stoves. The comparison table (Table 2) indicates that the implementation of the learning of multimedia-based physics concept application can encourage student learning motivation, and stimulate students to engage in learning activities, and develop students' science process skills. Therefore, teachers should facilitate the learning process of physics using tools or objects easily found in the environment to be applied as multimedia in physics learning to facilitate students in understanding the concepts of physics applications.
Thus, they can change students' mindset that learning physics is not always identical to formulas and numbers, learning physics is learning useful applications instead.   Figure 1 explains how electrical panels produced from solar energy are transformed into electrical energy that we can use every day, and students can directly see the process of the solar panels. Figure 2 shows how a solar cooker works for cooking food as a substitute for fuel or LPG produced from sunlight. The presentation through multimedia is useful for developing students' science process skills.

Figure 2 How a Solar Cooker Works
The use of multimedia is beneficial for learning physics applications related to daily life, to increase students' motivation and science process skills in learning physics (Gunawan et al., 2019;Plotnikova & Strukov, 2019;Wiwin & Kustijono, 2018). Learning physics is not merely a calculation that frightens students, but it can be interesting and can be applied in daily life.
Generally, based on information from physics teachers, the use of multimedia-based physics applications affects the motivation and science  Table 3.   Table 3 presents the pretest and posttest of learning motivation scale 2 MLS class of ≥70. It can be concluded that there was an increase in the percentage in the high category after the implementation of learning of multimedia-based physics concepts application, from 6.7% to 57%. Overall, the average pretest score of learning motivation was 66.2% or included in the medium category. After the implementation of learning of multimediabased physics concepts applications by showing a learning video about the use of energy in daily life and the technology resulting from the application of the material, the overall average of the learning motivation was 81.9%, a high category. Figure 3 displays the increase in student motivation in MLS class of ≥ 70.

Figure 3 The Graph of Students' Learning Motivation of MLS Class of ≥70
The learning motivation in the MLS class of <70 was also increased. The learning of multimedia-based physics concepts application was also applied in this class. The results of the pretest and posttest of learning motivation for the MLS class of<70 are presented in Table 4. According to Table 4, the pretest and posttest of learning motivation in the MLS class of<70 increased by 43% after applying the learning of multimedia-based physics concepts application. The overall average score of the learning motivation pretest also increased to 63%, the medium category. Meanwhile, after applying the learning of multimedia-based physics concepts application by presenting a learning video about the use of energy in daily life and technology from the application of the material in the learning process, the overall motivation was 82.5%, a high category. Figure 4presents a graph of the increasing student motivation in the MLS class of<70.

Figure 4 The Graph of Students' Learning Motivation in MLS Class of<70
The results of the data analysis revealed that the learning motivation in both classes (MLS ≥70 and MLS <70) increased to a high category after applying the learning of multimedia-based physics concepts application. This is in line with the results of research conducted by (Ikawati, 2017), who reported the use of multimedia learning influences students' motivation. The increased learning motivation occurred because students were more enthusiastic in the learning process, and they understood the application of physics concepts in real life. In addition, students were eager to ask questions and more curious. This is consistent with (Nopitasari et al., 2012). The use of multimedia has implications for increasing interaction, motivation, and science process skills (S. A. S. R. P. Astuti, 2018;Febriani et al., 2018;Mahidin, 2017;M. Maulida et al., 2019). The application of real physics concepts in the learning process can facilitate students to implement them in life, which ultimately increases student learning motivation. This finding is also supported by the research of (Arafah et al., 2020;Patandung, 2017;Winata & Yuliani, 2017;Yasin & Husain, 2019), who reported that learning using video positively influence students' motivation. Multimedia also motivates students to create and construct knowledge (Rante et al., 2013;Sarowardy & Halder, 2019;Sary et al., 2018). Furthermore, (Mkimbili & Ødegaard, 2019), in their research results, argued that one way to increase students' scientific motivation in schools is by linking science in students' daily lives and utilizing real-life examples in teaching science. This finding is in line with the results of this study; after the teacher facilitated the practice of learning physics by using materials that are available locally and easily utilized and considering the effectiveness of learning, the motivation and science skills process of the students in the school studied were increased.
The data concerning science process skills in this study were gathered from the test consisting of 10 multiple-choice items administered to both classes (MLS ≥ 70 and MLS<70). Testing was undertaken twice, namely: pretest and posttest. The pretest was given before the multimedia-based physics learning, and the posttest was conducted after the learning. The results of the measurement and analysis of science process skills ( Figure 5) show that the average score of the pretest of science process skills were 31.56 and 37.33 for both classes, respectively, while the posttest average scores for each class were 72 and 78.

Figure 5 The Graph of Pretest and Posttest Average Score of Students
Science Process Skills Figure 5 indicates an increase in science process skills in both classes, as seen in the initial and final scores of each class. The pretest scores were 31.56 and 37.33, respectively, and the posttest scores were 72 and 78, respectively. The analysis of data showed that the pretest and posttest data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Thus, hypothesis testing can be continued using the t-test. The recapitulation of the analysis results of the t-test for both classes is presented in Table 5.

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The increasing science process skills in students with MLS ≥ 70 is because during the learning process students were diligently listening to the teacher's explanation, enthusiastic to answer the questions, and do assignments given by the teacher. However, some of the students with MLS <70 were less enthusiastic about listening to the teacher's explanation.
This finding is in line with (Maryam et al., 2020;Siswono, 2017;Sriningsih, 2019), who stated that the lack of enthusiasm in learning could affect student learning outcomes.
Furthermore, learning of multimedia-based physics concept application is different compared to other physics learning media because students can directly see how the physics applications works and their use in everyday life (Imelda, 2019; Zakiati 2019). In addition, the learning of multimedia-based physics concept application is interesting for students as it is new for students and has never been used by physics teachers at the school studied.

D. Conclusion
Based on the research results, data analysis, and discussion, it can be concluded that learning of multimedia-based physics concept application can enhance the students' motivation in both classes investigated. However, it only affected the science process skills of students in the Mastery Learning Scores (MLS) group of ≥70, with a significant difference (t count (2.14)> t