Najwa Shihab’s Attitudes in Narasi TV Forming Resistant Discourse to House of Representatives’ Members

Each Policy and Performance made by the central government and the Republic of Indonesian House of Representatives will surely attract people’s attention and responses as one responded by Najwa Shihab through a video addressed to the honorable Mister and Mistress House of Representatives members in Narasi TV. This research employed a descriptive-interpretative approach using the theory of Elaboration Likelihood Model and Critical Discourse Analysis method implemented in three analytical phases to study Najwa Shihab’s argumentations and attitudes. The results showed that Najwa Shihab expressed her insights on social relations and identities which were unequal between her and House of Representatives members. The discourse builds her supremacies, thoughts, and ideas to legitimate herself as a people’s representative, directing people’s opinions through argumentations, self-values, and attitudes that tended to be resistant to the House of Representatives members.


A. Introduction
Since the first two cases of COVID-19 were announced on 2 March 2020, Indonesia has become a country with the highest speed spread of COVID-19 among the Southeast Asian Countries (Susilo et al., 2020). On 13 April 2020,  (Humas, 2020).
The responses on those Presidential Decrees in handling the  were shown by the central government's performance represented by the ministries or institutions in cooperation with DPR in reallocating budgets in all ministries and institutions in handling the COVID-19. For example, on 7 April 2020, the Commission X of DPR together with the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy held a working meeting to discuss the budget reallocation of IDR 500 Billion to form the Crisis Center for Handling the COVID-19 (Author, 2020). Each policy and performance made by the central government and DPR will surely attract people's attention and responses as the implementing party and is affected by those policies, such as Najwa Shihab's attention and responses addressed to the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia members in situations handling the COVID-19. Those attentions and responses put her on the positive side and DPR members as a party on the negative side, which tend to create a negative public opinion towards DPR members through her TV media. Even though it should have been in the reform era where people participate indirect elections to elect their representatives to sit on DPR, it is hoped that the trust and positive opinion of society will tend to increase towards their representatives. As stated by the election supervisory body or BAWASLU regarding public participation in simultaneous general elections, that the level of community involvement will be closely related to the level of JIP-The International Journal of Social Sciences {513 public trust (Akbar et.al, 2019: 4-5) in democracy, the political system, election organizers and the stakeholders. community representatives in the executive and parliament or legislature (Nurhasim et.al, 2014: 2) and determine election participants who will attend the executive as the ruler who runs the government and the legislature as community representatives (Akbar et.al, 2019: 292;Nurhasim et.al, 2014: 2). Najwa Shihab is known as Mata Najwa Host broadcasted on Trans7, as well as previously mandated as one of Prime Time News anchors on Metro TV (Ritonga, 2017). The messages delivered by Najwa Shihab were in the form of her responses and attitudes shown based on the theory of cognitive response as the global evaluation on objects, issues, and people based on facts and news related to the performance and behaviors of House of Representatives members.
Based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion or known as ELM, this evaluation was conducted by using the central route by evaluating the message content in detail by utilizing knowledge and individual experience by showing her position to advocate other people's interests (Petty et al., 1997).
That happened since Najwa Shihab has a motivation or driving force in herself based on her experiences as a news anchor. Najwa Shihab's messages were in the form of attitudes and argumentations within social practices in the form of text within a linguistic communication delivered directly (spoken) as simple messages coded in media easily heard or watched (Moscato, 2018) The researcher is interested in analyzing and interpreting the message conveyed by Najwa Shihab in her video, to know the social impact of the formation of public opinion on DPR members that might occur. This study aims to determine the meaning of Najwa Shihab's message and attitude in the context of evaluating the performance of DPR members. The researcher also hopes that this research can be useful for DPR members in evaluating their performances and also for the general public to be smart and careful in behaving and interpreting news content proportionally.

B. Method
This study uses a constructivist paradigm with a qualitative approach and uses interpretive methods through critical discourse analysis or CDA to examine, analyze and interpret Najwa Shihab's arguments and attitudes (Marta et al., 2019).
In this study, the object of the research is Najwa Shihab's video entitled "Kepada Tuan dan Puan Anggota DPR yang Terhormat". The primary data in this study is the messages of Najwa Shihab in her video and the secondary data is obtained through literature studies such as journals and documentation of DPR from the secretariat general of DPR (author, 2020).
The research employed an interpretative Critical Discourse Analysis known as Fairclough's CDA through three analytical phases: (1) textual phase, analyzing the word selection and use in the sentence utterances as message conveyor; (2) interpretation phase, analyzing the uttered discourse as message conveyor, which may result in the public opinions' social impacts where the message conveyor exists; (3) social practice phase, analyzing social practices contributing to knowledge and beliefs directing to the identity, relational, and ideational function (Kholid, 2018).

C. Result and Discussion 1. Result
The result of analysis on the messages which are translated into the text as Najwa Shihab's argumentations are divided into three phases of Fairclough's critical discourse analysis, followed by an analysis on Najwa Shihab's attitudes to House of Representatives members based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion of an integrative analysis framework to get an understanding of the antecedent and consequence of attitudes forming or change (Moscato, 2018).

a. Textual Phase
In the textual phase, the analysis on word choice and use in Najwa Shihab's argumentation speech shows that she chose the words the Honorable Mister and Mistress House of Representatives Members (Republic of Indonesian or Central House of Representatives). She also preferred first-person plural pronouns

b. Interpretation Phase
In the interpretation phase, an analysis was conducted on the discourse presented by Najwa Shihab, which may cause the social impact of public opinion on House of Representatives Members during the situation of COVID-19 handling in Indonesia where the messages were conveyed. Based on Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI), the greeting word Tuan (Mister) has some meanings, namely: (1) person to serve, as opposed to the words hamba, abdi (servant), or budak (slave); (2) person who gives job, boss, head of the company, owner; (3) a man worthy of respect; (4) appellation for a foreign man; (5) appellation for a noblewoman; (6) male or female second person. Meanwhile, the greeting word Puan (Mistress) has some meanings, namely: (1) betel container made of gold or silver used by queen consort or bride; (2) female datuk, an appellation for datuk's wife, mistress (antonym of Mister) (Isnaini, 2017). All of the meanings refer to the actual or lexical meaning of the word.
The use of the words Tuan and Puan means that Najwa Shihab built an unequal social relationship between her and House of Representatives Members. House of Representatives Members was placed at a higher position than hers. Male and female House of Representatives Members are defined and positioned as people to serve and worthy of respect as opposed to her, Najwa Sihab, as hamba or abdi or budak. Further, the use of the word yang terhormat (the honorable) after the greeting words Tuan and Puan is defined by the researcher to enhance the non-equality position in the social relationship between Najwa Shihab and House of Representatives Members, since even without using the words yang terhormat, the words Tuan and Puan have shown unequal position between someone respected and the other party as hamba or abdi or budak. The hyperbolism in the use of words yang terhormat by Najwa Sihab may take place probably since she indeed wanted to build unequal social relationships with House of Representatives Members, intending that, typically in the community's thinking, honorable people will also behave honorably.
Najwa Shihab chose to use the first-person plural pronoun (kita, kami) instead of using the first-person single pronoun (saya). This may be interpreted that Najwa Shihab claimed herself as the representative of the  (Utama, 2012). This is apparent in the following sentences: This argumentation is based on the thinking and self-value in a message of concern about the community affected by the COVID-19 that Najwa Shihab described not taken as the House of Representatives' Members' priority (Ramanathan & Hoon, 2015), as delivered in the following sentences:

c. Social Practice Phase
In the social practice phase, Najwa Sihab placed herself as the Indonesians' representative to deliver her message as the community's message and position herself and the community lower than the House of Representatives Members,

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which was Najwa Sihab's idea to illustrate social practice regarding unequal social relation between House of Representatives Members and herself (community) as well as to shape Najwa Sihab's (community) identity as hamba or abdi or budak and House of Representatives Members as the boss or person to respect. The social practice discourse built the relational function and identity of Najwa Shihab as well as the community with House of Representatives Members (Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012).
The other knowledge delivered by Najwa Sihab of House of Representatives' Members' performance is that House of Representatives Members, in discussing the Bills, hastily pursued their goals without making a special rule to discuss the bill virtually in COVID-19 situation, had a chaotic working process and did not implement a prevailing procedure to test the drug distributed to the community.
This knowledge may also direct the community's negative and belief of the relational function of House of Representatives Members that they did not care about the needs and safety of the community they represented. The ideational function delivered by Najwa Sihab, the idea that House of Representatives Members should work in good faith and good process as well as procedure according to prevailing rules. This Najwa Shihab's discourse strategy delivers the information of her own opinion, showing herself positive and the other party (House of Representatives Members) negative and may direct and shape the community's opinion of House of Representatives Members which tends to be negative through TV media (Wodak & de Cillia, 2006). who is deemed to hold power and the Community who does not hold power.

Discussion
The researchers considered that the word choices used by Najwa Shihab in her argumentation utterances showed that she put herself as an Indonesian people's representative to deliver her messages as the people's messages and together positioned herself and the society lower than the House of Representatives members. Najwa Sihab was evaluated not building an equal relationship between the Indonesian society as the servants or slaves and the House of Representatives members as the employers or the respected/ honored persons. Besides, Najwa Sihab was also evaluated striving to build her power by positioning herself as a people's representative and legitimating it through Najwa Sihab's messages on the behalf of people's messages.
The researcher assesses that the picture presented by Najwa Shihab can influence or direct the negative opinion of the public towards DPR members, who should have equal social relations, or should the position of the people as "Tuan" and "Puan" while the DPR members are under the community. This is because the community has elected members of the DPR directly to be their representatives and has given them confidence and responsibility to fight for the interests of the people in parliament through the making of policies. Language choices affect the society in forming an ideology, belief, and strategy specifically used in obtaining power and supremacy in politics, economy, and society (Fairclough & Fairclough, 2012).
Najwa Shihab made generalizations to members of the DPR which illustrates that all members of the DPR discussed the Draft Criminal Code, Corrections, and the Omnibus Law on Job Creation. Najwa Sihab stated that it was as if all members of the DPR had participated in discussing it. The public who watched the Najwa Sihab video and did not understand the facts about the deliberation of the Law in the DPR could certainly interpret Najwa Sihab's message incorrectly and would form wrong opinions about the performance of DPR members.
Based on data from the Secretariat General of the DPR (author, 2020), the researcher could deliver that the members of the DPR who discussed the Criminal Code Bill and the Correctional Bill were members of the DPR Commission III who represented nine factions or 53 parties. Then the DPR members who discussed the Omnibus Law on the Job Creation Bill were members of the DPR in the Legislation Body who represented nine factions or parties totaling 85 people. This means that not all members of the DPR are involved in the deliberation of the Law. So that Najwa Shihab could not generalize the performance of all the DPR members based only on the final decision data at the plenary session or photo documentation, which tended to be subjective.
The discussions related to those Bills, Najwa Shihab did not only The other generalization was when Najwa Shihab mentioned the House of Representatives' COVID-19 Task Force providing pictures of some House of Representatives members as the representation of all House of Representatives members was evaluated as hurting the people's hearts. Based on the data obtained by the researcher, is not all DPR members became the COVID-19 Task Force members having the Joint Photo Sessions utilizing the personal protective equipment. 18 House of Representatives members from 7 Fractions or Parties (apart from the Demokrat and PKS fractions or Parties and the other 557 House of Representatives members) joining the House of Representatives' COVID-19 Task Force members (Media Parlemen DPR-RI, April 2020). Najwa Shihab's generalization might influence or directed negative public opinions to all House of Representatives members evaluated hurting the people's heart. Negative opinions would surely be evaluated unfairly for the Demokrat and PKS Fractions or Parties and the other 557 House of Representatives members not involving as the House of Representatives' COVID-19 Task Force members who were also evaluated hurting the people's heart. The House of Representatives' members' good intentions to provide the personal protective equipment to medical personnel were ignored and drowned by Najwa Shihab's self-valuing argumentations, that is, the heart-hurting value made by the House of Representatives members having the joint photo sessions. Thus, the audience focused more on Najwa Shihab's self-valuing argumentations and tended to have negative opinions to all House of Representatives members.
Furthermore, Najwa Shihab's argumentations contained her demands to the House of Representatives members to focus and prioritize more on the management of handling Covid-19 than discussing the Bills. In fact, on one side the House of Representatives members were expected to productively result in legislation products as the working performance success parameter of the House of Representatives members (Riswanto, 2016 The argumentations delivered by Najwa Shihab that the researchers analyzed and discussed above were the main activities in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) known as practical argumentations on conducts or what conducts should be made (for example, policies to apply).

D. Conclusion
The researchers conclude that Najwa Sihab through her argumentations, acting as a people's representative, advocates people's aspirations and delivers the unequal social relation discourses between herself (society) and House Najwa Shihab also delivered the ideational function discourses on the performance of House of Representatives members which should be followed with good processes and procedures. The other ideational function discourses delivered by Najwa Shihab are related to the new meaning of APD/Alat Pelindung Diri (Personal Protective equipment) into APD/Alat Pelindung Dewan (Board Protective Equipment), in which the society may interpret negatively, tend to have the implications leading to the negative opinions and beliefs on the identity function of House of Representatives members, as well as become the party having the untouchable authorities and build the social relationship between the House of Representatives members evaluated having the authorities and the society evaluated having no authorities.
Besides, Najwa Sihab's argumentations are also interpreted as the efforts to direct the House of Representatives members and society to think about: (1) political values consisting of justice and awareness values of House of Representatives members to the society as the realization of good mutual relationship; (2) social values applicable in the society, emphatic values as normative expectations on the House of Representatives members to also feel the affected emotional conditions of people and medical personnel working hard in handling the COVID-19. The purpose of this argumentation is to ask the House of Representatives members not to have joint photo sessions using the personal protective equipment and not discuss the bills of Criminal Codes, Correctional Facilities, and Omnibus Law on job opportunity creation during the situations in handling the COVID-19 that people do not suspect nor believe in the House of Representatives members.
The message is language choice and use which possibly influence the society in the form of opinions, attitudes, beliefs, and strategies used in obtaining supremacies and authorities both in the social and political world. Thus, the message conveyor should be careful in making and delivering messages. Consider the benefits and losses that may occur and stay neutral when