Identifying Items for “Self-Reflection” as a Religious Factor to Succeed in the Pre-Sea Training
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v10i3.702Keywords:
Pre-Sea Training, Marine Students, Self-Regulation, Muhasabah, Delphi MethodAbstract
Self-reflection has become a necessary skill to achieve the goal students set for themselves to be successful in pre-sea training. It helps students to improve their actions in critical situations, primarily when supported by religious practices. This study aimed to identify items that represent self-reflection as a religious factor for success in pre-sea training. A three-round Delphi approach was adopted in which ten experts were selected who met the necessary condition to participate in the study. Data were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS version 23 for median and IQR. The study found that self-reflection can be implemented through meditation and self-evaluation, the act of repentance, and returning to the source of religion. However, the experts felt that isolation is unsuitable for them as a ship's crew. They are advised to find other methods of meditation and self-assessment, such as self-contemplation. Students should return to the sources of religion, including the Quran and Sunnah, by reading books and online references and also seek the help of knowledgeable and pious people. However, experts pointed out how difficult it is for a Muslim to reach out to this pious person when he is the only Muslim on board. This study has developed 18 practices for students to implement self-reflection in the form of meditation and self-contemplation.
References
Abdul Hamid, S., Apandi, O., & Rajoo, B. (2012). Human Factors as Causes for Shipboard Oil Pollution Violations. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 6(3), 93-99.
al-Ghazali, A. H. (n.d.). Ihya 'Ulum al-Din. Qahirah: Maktabah Zahran.
Ashmore, R., Flanagan, T., Mcinnes, D., & Banks, D. (2016). The Delphi Method: Methodological Issues Arising from a Study Examining Factors Influencing the Publication or Non-Publication of Mental Health Nursing Research. Mental, 21(2), 85-94.
Barlis Jr., J., Fajardo III, J., Dimog, K., Mendoza, M., & Barlis Jr., J. (2015). The Attitude and Performance of the Cadets of Maritime Institution during Ship Board Training: An Assessment. The Asian Conference on Education 2015: Official Conference Proceedings (pp. 15-31). Japan: The International Academic Forum (IAFOR).
Cabas, C., & Tancinco, N. (2016). Emotional Intelligence and Its Impact on the Performance of Maritime Deck and Engine Cadets in the Shipboard Training of Naval State University, Naval, Biliran Province. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 5(7), 962-975.
Carotenuto, A., Molino, I., Fasanaro, A., & Amento, F. (2012). Psychological Stress in Seafarers: A Review. International Maritime Health, 63(4), 188-194.
Chan, C., & Lee, K. (2021). Reflection Literacy: A Multilevel Perspective on the Challenges of using Reflections in Higher Education through a Comprehensive Literature Review. Educational Research Review. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1747938X20308368#bib99
Chen, M., & Nadzrah, A. (2013). Investigating the Areas of Self-Reflection in Malaysian Students’ Personal Blogs: A Case Study. International Journal of Cognitive and Language Sciences, 7(2), 506-512.
Cleary, T. (2018). The Self-regulated Learning Guide: Teaching Students to think in the Language of Strategies. New York, NY: Routledge.
Encyclopaedia of Britannica. (2019). Retrieved from Muhasabah: https://www.britannica.com/topic/muhasabah
Eon-Song, L., & Dong-Wook, S. (2015). Maritime Logistics Value in Knowledge Management. New York: Routledge.
Fullerton, J. (2019, May 15). Teenage girl kills herself 'after Instagram poll' in Malaysia. The Guardian. Bangkok, Thailand. Retrieved April 7, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/may/15/teenage-girl-kills-herself-after-instagram-poll-in-malaysia
Grothérus, A., Jeppson, F., & Samuelsson, J. (2018). Formative Scaffolding: How to Alter The Level and Strength of Self-Efficacy and Foster Self-Regulation in A Mathematics Test Situation. Educational Action Journal, 27(5), 667-690.
Hafiz Firdaus, A. (2000). Panduan Ibadah dalam Musafir Penerbangan. Johor Baharu: Jahabersa.
Halloran, L. (2016). The Value of Self-reflection. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12.
Hanzu-Pazara, R., & Arsenie, P. (2014). Maritime Education and Its Role in Improving Safety on the Sea. Retrieved May 17, 2018, from International Association of Maritime Universities: http://iamu-edu.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Maritime-education-and-its-role-in-improving-safety-on-the-sea.pdf
Hemerda, J. (2016). Maximizing Feedback for Self-Regulated Learning. Walden University.
Jensen, O., Canals, M., & Andrioti, D. (2017). The Global Maritime Mental Health Promotion Program. International Journal of Community & Family Medicine, 2(134), 1-5.
Jepsen, J., Zhao, Z., & vaan Leeuwen, W. (2015). Seafarer Fatigue: A Review of Risk Factors, Consequences for Seafarers’ Health and Safety and Options for Mitigation. International Maritime Health, 66(2), 106-117.
Jeżewska, M. (2013). Quality of Life of Polish Seafarers. Report: MENHOB — Mental Health on Board.
Karthik, K. (2014). Consequence of Cross-Cultural Misunderstanding: A Shipboard Perspective. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 7(S7), 6-9.
Keeney, S., Hasson, F., & McKenna, H. (2011). The Delphi Technique in Nursing and Health Research. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Mardziah, A. (2018). Konsep Muhasabah Diri menurut Imam Al-Ghazali (Studi Deskriptif Analisis Kitab Ihya’ Ulumiddin). Indonesia: UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh.
Mohammad Khairuddin, O. (2016). A Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach in Analysing the Distraction Factors Among Malaysian Seafarers. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from http://umt-ir.umt.edu.my/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/8047/G%20540%20.M6%202016%20Abstract.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Mohammad Khairuddin, O., Noorul Shaiful Fitr, A., & Mohd Naim, F. (2017). Determining The Contribution of Distraction Factors on Malaysian Seafarers Using a Systematic Average Mean Value. Maritime Business Review, 2(2), 99-113.
Mohar, K., Shahrulfadly, R., & Nurfazilawati, O. (2018). Developing Norms for Selected Physical Fitness Battery as Gauge for Fitness Assessment among Army Reserve Officer Training Unit Cadet. Advanced Science Letters, 24(7), 5136-5138.
Mujieb, M., Ismail, A., & Syafi’ah. (2009). Tasawuf Imam al-Ghazali: Mudah Memahami dan Menjalankan Kehidupan Spiritual. Jakarta Selatan: Penerbit Hikmah (PT Mizan Publika).
Peck, R., & Devore, J. (2012). Statistics: The Exploration & Analysis of Data. U.S.A.: Brooks/ Cole Cengage Learning.
Ryan, M. (2011). Improving Reflective Writing in Higher Education: A Social Semiotic Perspective. Teaching in Higher Education, 16(1), 99-111.
Sackstein, S. (2015). Teaching Students to Self-Assess: How do I help students reflect and grow as learners? Alexandria, USA: ASCD Arias.
Saint, J. (2018). Analytics for the Measurement of Process Dimensions of Self-Regulated Learning and Feedback Impact. CEUR Workshop Proceeding, 2294. Retrieved December 21, 2019, from http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2294/DCECTEL2018_paper_20.pdf
Schunk, D., & Zimmerman, B. (2011). Self-regulated Learning and Performance. In D. Schunk, & B. Zimmerman, Handbook of Self-regulation of Learning and Performance (pp. 1-12). New York: Routledge/ Taylor & Francis.
Skulmoski, G., Hartman, F., & Krahn, J. (2007). The Delphi Method for Graduate Research.
Ulven, A. (2013). Psychological impact of Staying on Board for Periods of Six. 12th International Symposium on Maritime Health.
White, M. C, & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2015). Self-regulation and the common core: Application to ELA standards. New York, NY: Routledge.
White, M. C. (2015). Self-regulation and the Common Core: Application to ELA Standards. New York, NY: Routledge.
White, M., & DiBenedetto, M. (2015). Self-regulation and the common core: Application to ELA standards. New York, NY: Routledge.
Zuraini, Z., Afiqah, M., Syahaneim, M., Puteri, N., & Omar, Z. (2018). Development of Web Portal for Sharing and Capturing Knowledge: A Study in Military Tacit Knowledge For Officer Cadets at Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM). Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 10(6S), 2402-2416.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ahmad Firdaus Bin Mohd Noor, Khairunnisa Binti A Shukor, Mohd Zahirwan Halim Zainal Abidin, Muhd Imran Abd Razak, Paiz Hassan, Mukhamad Khafiz Abd Basir (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: (1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal; (2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal; (3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).














