Halal Tourism: A Proposed Sharia Model for Implementation
Abstract
This qualitative study explored the proper and feasible Halal Tourism (HT) model regarding the implementation of Sharia law in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Observation, questionnaire, and interview were conducted at three important tourist cities in Aceh: Banda Aceh, Sabang, and Takengon. Three hundred twenty-five respondents participated in this research, and convenience sampling was used to select them. The results were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s qualitative analysis method and the SWOT analysis to construct the expected model. The result indicated that the HT model must be arranged under the following six principles: ease, reliability, safety, trust, openness, and continual improvement. Those principles can be implemented in every aspect of tourism: policies and regulations, facilities, hotels, other accommodations, transportation, and human resources. Also, progress in the HT management must focus on implementing Sharia in the plenary (kaffah) and improving the locals’ prosperity. Besides, the HT model consists of planning, decision-making, providing support, socializing, implementing, and supervising, considering its principles toward tourism and local cultures and values. The implementation of the model is expected to ensure the communities' life and integrate their inextricable foundation, Sharia while stimulating their socio-economic through the possibility of investment and employment in the future.
References
Afif. (2018). Hukuman Cambuk di Aceh selalu Menarik Perhatian Warga Negara Asing (Caning in Aceh always Attracting Foreigners). Merdeka. https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/hukuman-cambuk-di-aceh-selalu-menarik-perhatian-warga-negara-asing.html
Aini, Q., & Khudzaeva, E. (2019). Potential Halal Tourism Destinations with Applying K-Means Clustering. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, 11(9), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2019.09.02
Atoyan, K. (2015). Characteristics of Human Resources Management In Tourism Industry of Republic of Armenia. International Conference on Business, Marketing and Information System Management (BMISM’15) Nov. 25-26, 2015 Paris (France), pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15242/ICEHM.ED1115001
Aziz, Y. A., & Chok, N. V. (2013). The Role of Halal Awareness, Halal Certification, and Marketing Components in Determining Halal Purchase Intention Among Non-Muslims in Malaysia: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 25(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2013.723997
Battour, M., & Ismail, M. N. (2016). Halal Tourism: Concepts, Practises, Challenges and Future. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, 150–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.008
Battour, M., Ismail, M. N., Battor, M., & Awais, M. (2017). Islamic Tourism: An Empirical Examination of Travel Motivation and Satisfaction in Malaysia. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(1), 50–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.965665
Che Ahmat, N. H., Ahmad Ridzuan, A. H., Din, N., Zainol, N., & Razali, M. A. (2015). Syariah compliant hotel: The concept and practices. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 7(2), 52–66. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/20636/
CNN Indonesia. (2018). Pramugari Diwajibkan Mengenakan Hijab, Maskapai Pilih Pramugara (Woman Flight Attendants Required to Wear Hijab, the Airlines Choose the Men Ones). CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20180201083323-20-273067/aceh-wajibkan-pramugari-berhijab-maskapai-pilih-pramugara
Dona, I., & Popa, D. (2013). Tourism Destination Mapping Through Cluster Analysis. Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 13(2), 133–138. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/25846359.pdf
Etikan, I. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Hakim, A. A., Ridwan, H., Hasanuddin, M., & Al-Hakim, S. (2017). Towards Indonesia Halal Tourism. AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v17i2.6243
Hanlan, J., Fuller, D., & Wilde, S. (2006). Destination Decision Making: The Need for a Strategic Planning and Management Approach. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 3(3), 209–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530601132385
Hassan, W. M. (2010). The Growth of Halal Tourism and its Implication for Hospitality Research. In Y. A. Aziz (Ed.), Current Issues in Tourism and Hospitality Services in Malaysia (pp. 85–102). Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Henderson, J. C. (2003). Managing Tourism and Islam in Peninsular Malaysia. Tourism Management, 24(4), 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00106-1
Henderson, J. C. (2016). Halal Food, Certification and Halal Tourism: Insights from Malaysia and Singapore. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19, 160–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.006
Kementerian Pariwisata. (2015). Laporan Akhir Kajian Pengembangan Wisata Syariah (Final Report of Sharia Tourism Development). https://www.kemenparekraf.go.id/asset_admin/assets/uploads/media/old_all/2015 Kajian Pengembangan Wisata Syariah.pdf
Keumala, T. H. (2018). Data: Nama Perusahaan Otobus di Aceh dan Jumlah Armada (Data: Bus Companies in Aceh and the Number of their Units). AcehTrend. https://www.acehtrend.com/2018/01/23/data-nama-perusahaan-otobus-di-aceh-dan-jumlah-armada/
LPPOM MUI Aceh. (2019). Daftar Produk Halal Provinsi Aceh: Kelompok Restoran dan Katering (List of Halal Product in Aceh Province: Restaurants and Caterings). https://mpu.acehprov.go.id/uploads/daftar sertifikat/Daftar Sertifikat Halal Per Kelompok Usaha.pdf
Manan, A., Kamarullah, Putra, R. S., Saprizal, Salasiyah, C. I., & Fadhilah, M. A. (2021). Tulak Bala as an Outbreak Prevention Within Sharia-based Community. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology, and Modern Society (ICSTMS 2020), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210909.034
Neidhardt, J., & Wörndl, W. (2020). Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2020 (J. Neidhardt & W. Wörndl (eds.)). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36737-4
Palupi, M., Romadhon, R. W., & Arifan, N. (2017). The Importance of Optimization of Halal Tourism: A Study of the Development of Halal Tourism in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 29th International Business Information Management Association Conference-Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020: From Regional Development Sustainability to Global Economic Growth, 1–9.
Razak, N. H. A., Hall, C. M., & Prayag, G. (2019). Malaysian Accommodation Providers’ Understanding of Halal Hospitality. In C. M. Hall & G. Prayag (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Halal Hospitality and Islamic Tourism (p. 13). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315150604
Saad, H. E., Ali, B. N., & Abdel-Ati, A. M. (2014). Sharia-Compliant Hotels in Egypt: Concept and challenges. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 2(1), 1–15. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ahtr/issue/32308/359044
Seksi Statistik Niaga dan Jasa. (2018). Direktori Hotel dan Akomodasi Lainnya Provinsi Aceh 2018.
Setyadi, A. (2019). Bandara Sultan Iskandar Muda Aceh Tutup 3,5 Jam Saat Idul Adha (Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport Closing for 3,5 Hours during Eid al-Adha). Detiknews. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4659108/bandara-sultan-iskandar-muda-aceh-tutup-35-jam-saat-idul-adha
Terzidou, M., Stylidis, D., & Szivas, E. M. (2008). Residents’ Perceptions of Religious Tourism and its Socio-Economic Impacts on the Island of Tinos. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 5(2), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530802252784
Widawati, R., & Setiyorini, H. P. D. (2014). Perspektif Sosiolinguistik: Dialog Antara Islam dan Non-Islam tentang Standarisasi Pariwisata Islami (Sociolinguistic Perspectives: Dialogues between Islam and Non-Islam about the Standardized Islamic Tourism). Jurnal Manajemen Resort & Leisure, 11(2), 61–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17509/jurel.v11i2.2959
Wonderful Indonesia. (2018). Indonesia Dominates World Halal Tourism Awards 2016 Winning 12 Top Categories. Wonderful Indonesia. https://www.indonesia.travel/gb/en/news/indonesia-dominates-world-halal-tourism-awards-2016-winning-12-top-categories
Yusrizal, & Suparmin, S. (2018). Strategi Pengembangan Pariwisata Halal di Provinsi Sumatra Utara. TANSIQ: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Islam, 1(2), 191–222. http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/tansiq/article/view/3160
Yusuf, M. Y., Djakfar, I., Isnaliana, & Maulana, H. (2021). Halal Tourism to Promote Community’s Economic Growth: A Model for Aceh, Indonesia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(4), 2869–2891. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.42

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: (1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal; (2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal; (3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).