Ibn Miskawaih's Ethical Philosophy and Its Relevance to Moral Education in Indonesian Secondary Schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i1.1648Keywords:
Ibn Miskawaih, Moral education, Ethical philosophy, Indonesian secondary schools, Deviant behaviorAbstract
This study explores the application of Ibn Miskawaih’s ethical philosophy in shaping moral education in Indonesian secondary schools, focusing on Madrasah Aliyah (MA) and General Senior High Schools (SMA). Amid increasing concerns over student deviant behaviors—such as bullying, online gambling, and indiscipline—this research examines how Ibn Miskawaih’s framework, which emphasizes the harmonization of reason (al-Nathiqah), emotion (al-Ghadabiyyah), and instinct (al-Bahimiyyah), is operationalized in contemporary educational settings. Using a qualitative case study approach, data collection involved observations, interviews, and document analysis. Findings reveal distinct approaches: MA integrates religious mentoring and structured moral education, while SMA incorporates moral values within broader character education initiatives. However, both face challenges, including inconsistent parental involvement, weak supervision, and the absence of structured moral assessment tools. This study highlights the need for stronger school-family collaboration, enhanced supervision policies, and systematic moral evaluation instruments. By bridging classical Islamic ethical thought with contemporary education, this research provides valuable insights into the role of Ibn Miskawaih’s philosophy in addressing modern moral challenges and fostering holistic character development among students.
References
Abik, H., & Hadi, M. (2024). Ini Barang Bukti yang Disita dari Pelaku Hendak Tawuran di Banda Aceh. Serambinews.Com. https://aceh.tribunnews.com
Ainissyifa, H., & Nurseha, A. K. (2022). Contextualizing Mahmud Yunus’ Islamic Education Concept in Madrasah Aliyah. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 87–100. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v8i1.19117
Arbani, W. (2019). Akhlak Education According to Ibnu Miskawaih (Education Epistemology Perspective). ATTARBIYAH: Journal of Islamic Culture and Education, 4(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.18326/attarbiyah.v4i1.21-40
Arthur, J. (2023). Parents and Character in the Early Years of Education: Parents as First Educators. In Insight Series. https://www.jubileecentre.ac.uk
Asrul. (2022). Pelajar SMK dan SMA Tawuran di Aceh Tamiang, Dua Alami Luka. Ajjn.Net. https://www.ajnn.net
Ayu, S. D., & Maulana, I. (2024). KPAI: 197.540 Anak Indonesia Terlibat Judi “Online.” Kompas.Com. https://megapolitan.kompas.com
Bakri, S. (2018). Pemikiran Filsafat Manusia Ibnu Miskawaih: Telaah Kritis atas Kitab Tahdzib Alakhlaq. Al-A’raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Filsafat, 15(1), 147. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpif.v15i1.1102
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
Ceka, A., & Murati, R. (2016). The Role of Parents in the Education of Children. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(5), 61–64. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1092391
De Souza, M., Durka, G., Engebretson, K., Jackson, R., & McGrady, A. (Eds.). (2006). International Handbook of the Religious, Moral and Spiritual Dimensions in Education (Vol. 1). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5246-4
Dian Ihsan. (2023). Rapor Pendidikan 2022-2023, Nadiem: 24,4 Persen Siswa Alami Bullying. Kompas.Com. https://www.kompas.com
Fadilah, K., Rahma, P. A., & Efendi, S. M. (2024). Peran Keluarga dalam Membentuk Kesadaran Moral Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Sekolah Dasar. Lentera: Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.57096/lentera.v2i3.98
Fitriah, A., Sumintono, B., Subekti, N. B., & Hassan, Z. (2013). A Different Result of Community Participation in Education: An Indonesian Case Study of Parental Participation in Public Primary Schools. Asia Pacific Education Review, 14(4), 483–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-013-9275-8
Handayani, H. L., Ghufron, S., & Kasiyun, S. (2020). Perilaku Negatif Siswa: Bentuk, Faktor Penyebab, dan Solusi Guru dalam Mengatasinya. Elementary School: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Ke-SD-An, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.31316/esjurnal.v7i2.760
Hasnadi, H., & Inayatillah, I. (2022). Inculcating Character Values Through History Learning. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 10(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v10i1.732
Hidayat, A. W., & Kesuma, U. (2019). Analisis Filosufis Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih (Sketsa Biografi, Konsep Pemikiran Pendidikan, Dan Relevansinya Di Era Modern). Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 87–107. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v2i1.189
Ismail, S., Sabri, H., Asari, H., Yamin, M., & Yunus, M. M. (2024). Fostering Emotional and Moral Development in Islamic Boarding Schools: The Impact of Talaqqî and Talaqa Traditions. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v0i0.35124
Karsidi, R., Humona, R., Budiati, A. C., & Wardojo, W. W. (2014). Parent Involvement on School Committees as Social Capital to Improve Student Achievement. Excellence in Higher Education, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5195/ehe.2013.81
Kominfo. (2023). Sampai 17 September 2023, Kominfo Tangani 3,7 Juta Konten Negatif. https://aptika.kominfo.go.id
Longa, R. A. (2023). Moral Education as the Practice of Virtue. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 57(3), 724–738. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopedu/qhad048
Mahmud, A., Zamroni, Z., & Ilyas, H. (2023). The Value of Religious Tolerance in the Interpretation of the Qur’an and its Relevance in Learning in Higher Education. International Journal of Social Service and Research, 3(5), 1247–1257. https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i5.358
Mardira, S. (2011). Gara-Gara Tulisan Dinding, Pelajar di Banda Aceh Bentrok : Okezone News. Okezone News. https://news.okezone.com
Marui, K. (1952). The Role of the Parents in the Education of Children. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 6(3), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.1952.tb01331.x
Merdeka. (2022). Pelajar di Aceh Duel Rebutan Pacar, Satu Luka Robek di Perut. Merdeka.Com. https://www.merdeka.com
Miskawaih, I. (1934). Tahdzib al-Akhlaq wa Tathhir al-A’raq. al-Mathba’ah al-Mishriyah.
Miskawaih, I. (1985). Tahzib al-Akhlak. Dar el Kutb Al-aTaymiyyah.
Mohd Yusoff, M. Z., Hamzah, A., Fajri, I., Za, T., & Yusuf, S. M. (2022). The Effect of Spiritual and Social Norm in Moral Judgement. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 27(1), 555–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2022.2156799
Muhamad, N., Huda, M., Hashim, A., Tabrani, Z. A., & Maárif, M. A. (2024). Managing Technology Integration for Teaching Strategy: Public School Educators’ Beliefs and Practices (pp. 385–400). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0210-7_31
Mujahidin, A., Itmam, M. S., & Rofiq, A. C. (2024). The Dynamic of Contextualization in Indonesian Qura`Anic Tafsirs: A Comparative Study of Tafsir Al-Azhar And Tafsir Al-Mishbāh on The Story of The Prophet Moses. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 25(2), 221–246. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i2.5397
Mylostyvyi, R., Sejian, V., Souza-Junior, J. B. F., Wrzecińska, M., Za, T., Chernenko, О., Pryshedko, V., Suslova, N., Chabanenko, D., & Hoffmann, G. (2024). Digitalisation opportunities for livestock welfare monitoring with a focus on heat stress. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7(12), 2024300. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024300
Ningrum, D. (2018). Kemerosotan Moral Di Kalangan Remaja: Sebuah penelitian Mengenai Parenting Styles dan Pengajaran Adab. Unisia, 37(82 SE-Articles), 18–30. https://journal.uii.ac.id/Unisia/article/view/10491
Nizar, N., Barsihannor, B., & Amri, M. (2017). Pemikiran Etika Ibnu Miskawaih. KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 10(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.35905/kur.v10i1.584
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
Nugraheny, D. E., & Setiawan, S. R. D. (2024). 197.054 Anak Indonesia Kecanduan Judi Online, Total Transaksi Capai Rp 293 Miliar. Kompas.Com. https://money.kompas.com
Nuranifah, N., Harun, C. Z., & Usman, N. (2022). Management of Strengthening Islamic Character Education in Senior High School. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 10(3), 629–638. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v10i3.659
Omar, M. N. (2016). An Analysis of the Life and Works of the Great Muslim Moralist, Miskawayh (D. 1030). 2nd International Postgraduate Conference on Social Science and Business Research, 29(2), 453–458. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342944597
Orchard, J. (2024). Philosophical Reflections on Ethics in Teaching and Teacher Education. In The Cambridge Handbook of Ethics and Education (pp. 544–570). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009188128.030
Permana, M. (2020). Polisi Bubarkan Aksi Tawuran di Banda Aceh, Sejumlah Remaja Diamankan - Ragam | RRI Banda Aceh |. Rri.Co.Id. https://rri.co.id
Putra, H. P., & Hayeesama-ae, S. (2022). Ibnu Miskawaih: Philosophical Thoughts on Moral Education and Its Relevance to Contemporary Islamic Education. POTENSIA: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 8(1), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.24014/potensia.v8i1.16864
Rahayu, D., Endah, E., Ahmad, A., Intan, D., & Santika, T. A. (2023). Peran Keluarga, Sekolah, dan Masyarakat Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Belajar dan Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik. ANTHOR: Education and Learning Journal, 2(4), 551–554. https://doi.org/10.31004/anthor.v2i4.202
Rambe, A., Tobroni, T., & Widodo, J. (2024). Integrasi Etika Pendidikan dan Keterikatan Sosial Dalam Pembelajaran Holistik. Jurnal Ilmiah Muqoddimah : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik, Dan Humaniora, 8(2), 697. https://doi.org/10.31604/jim.v8i2.2024.694-700
Ramli, M., & Zamzami, D. N. (2022). Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak Ibnu Miskawaih. Sustainable Jurnal Kajian Mutu Pendidikan, 5(2), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v5i2.2669
Rosyidah, F. N., & Nurdin, M. F. (2018). Media Sosial: Ruang Baru dalam Tindak Pelecehan Seksual Remaja. Sosioglobal : Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Sosiologi, 2(2), 38-48. https://doi.org/10.24198/jsg.v2i2.17200
Salim, N. Z., Siregar, M., & Mulyo, M. T. (2022). Rekonstruksi Pendidikan Karakter di Era Globalisasi: Studi Analisis Konsep Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Al-Thariqah, 7(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.25299/al-thariqah.2022.vol7(1).9468
Setyadi, A. (2021). 13 Siswa SMA di Aceh Diduga Dihajar Kakak Kelas, Disdik Turun Tangan. DetikNews. https://news.detik.com
Subianto, J. (2013). Peran Keluarga, Sekolah, Dan Masyarakat Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Berkualitas. Edukasia : Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v8i2.757
Supriyanto, S. (2024). Religion and Its Position in the Society: A Critical Study on Rudolf Carnap’s Thoughts. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 19(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol19no1.1
Tabrani, Z. A., Idris, S., Yusoff, M. Z. M., Siswanto, R., & Murziqin, R. (2023). Strategy on boarding school development: between trend and performance analysis. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 6(2), 2023013. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2023013
UNICEF. (2024). Islamic Boarding Schools in Aceh Combat Violence with Compassion. UNICEF Indonesia. https://www.unicef.org
Warnick, B. R., & Silverman, S. K. (2011). A Framework for Professional Ethics Courses in Teacher Education. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487110398002
Winthrop, R., Barton, A., Ershadi, M., & Ziegler, L. (2021). Collaborating to transform and improve education systems. Center for Universal Education.
Yulianti, K., Denessen, E., & Droop, M. (2019). Indonesian Parents’ Involvement in Their Children’s Education: A Study in Elementary Schools in Urban and Rural Java, Indonesia. School Community Journal, 29, 253–278. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198618333
Zainuddin, Z. (2021). The Concept of Ibnu Miskawaih Moral Education For Students. FITRAH: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 7(1), 63–80. https://doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v7i1.3924
Zulkhairi, Z., Arneliwati, A., & Nurchayati, S. (2019). Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif: Persepsi Remaja terhadap Perilaku Menyimpang. Jurnal Ners Indonesia, 9(1), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.31258/jni.8.2.145-157
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: (1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal; (2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal; (3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
