Sexual Harassment in Boys: An Overview of Child Victims and Child Perpetrators in Indonesia
Abstract
There are still few studies on sexual harassment toward boys. In society, there is still a lot of skepticism and stigma about whether boys can be perpetrators or victims of sexual harassment. The purpose of this study was to explore the occurrence of sexual violence towards boys, such as the dynamics of the perpetrators and victims, the motivation of the perpetrators to commit sexual violence, and the impact of sexual violence on victims. This study used a descriptive qualitative method, with 17 subjects aged 0–18. The data collection used a study of documents collected from trial facts in the Directory of Supreme Court Decisions. The data were analyzed by the N-Vivo application for data processing, management, ideas, queries, visualization, and reporting. This study found that imitation was the main trigger for perpetrators to commit sexual harassment. From the victim's side, the impact the victim feels is a feeling of trauma, depression, and sensitivity. The role of the environment and online media needs attention in preventing and handling sexual violence against children.
References
Chynoweth, S. K., Buscher, D., Martin, S., & Zwi, A. B. (2020). Characteristics and Impacts of Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in Conflict and Displacement: A Multicountry Exploratory study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520967132
Dahlia, D., Sutrisno, S., & Qibtiyah, A. (2021). Early Childhood Sex Education Media as a Preventive Step for Sexual Violence. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 9(3), 607-622. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v9i3.656
Departement for Education. (2018). Sexual Violence and Sexual Harassment Between Children in Schools and Colleges. September 15–30.
Dollah, S., Abduh, A., & Rosmaladewi, M. (2017). Benefits and Drawbacks of NVivo QSR Application. 149(Icest), 61–63. https://doi.org/10.2991/icest-17.2017.21
Edhlund, B. M., & McDougall, A. G. (2019). NVivo 12 Essentials : Your Guide to the World’s Most Powerful Data Analysis Software / by Bengt M. Edhlund & Allan G. McDougall. In NVivo 12 Essentials : Your Guide to the World’s Most Powerful Data Analysis Software. Form & Kunskap, AB.
Etherington, K. (1995). Research Report: Adult Male Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 8(3), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515079508256342
Fathya, N. A., Noer Rochmah, E. & Zain, F.F.2020). Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak: Pembuktian oleh Tenaga Dedis. Medika Kartika : Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 3(2), 85–102.
Gewirtz-Meydan, A., & Finkelhor, D. (2020). Sexual Abuse and Assault in a Large National Sample of Children and Adolescents. Child Maltreatment, 25(2), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559519873975
Glasser, M., Kolvin, I., Campbell, D., Glasser, A., Leitch, I., & Farrelly, S. (2001). Cycle of Child Sexual Abuse: Links Between Being a Victim and Becoming a Perpetrator. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179(DEC.), pp. 482–494. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.6.482
Hamzah, I. (2021). Shame as a Predictor of the Guilt of Sexual Offenders in the Correctional Institutions. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 9(2), 379-392. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v9i2.552
Hohendorff, J. Von, Habigzang, L. F., & Koller, S. H. (2017). “A Boy, Being a Victim, Nobody Really Buys that, You Know?”: Dynamics of Sexual Violence Against Boys. Child Abuse and Neglect, 70(May), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.05.008
Horn, S. S., & Poteat, V. P. (2022). Developmental Changes in Young People’s Evaluations of Sexual Harassment. Journal of Social Issues, April 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12516
Jackson, K., & Bazeley, P. (2019). Qualitative data Analysis with Nvivo. In J. Seaman (Ed.), SAGE Publications Ltd (3rd Editon). SAGE Publication Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412984485.n1
Kaltiala-Heino, R., Fröjd, S., & Marttunen, M. (2016). Sexual Harassment and Emotional and Behavioural Symptoms in Adolescence: Stronger Associations among Boys than Girls. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(8), 1193–1201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1237-0
Katz, C. (2013). Internet-Related Child Sexual Abuse: What Children tell us in their Testimonies. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(9), 1536–1542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.06.006
Klot, J., Delargy, P., & Turmen, T. (2003). What is Sexual Violence?, Violence Against Women, 82, 411–418.
KPAI. (2020). Data Kasus Pengaduan Anak 2016-2020. kpai.go.id. https://bankdata.kpai.go.id/Tabulasi-Data/Data-Kasus-Pengaduan-Anak-2016-2020
Lalor, K. (2004). Child Sexual Abuse in Tanzania and Kenya. Child Abuse and Neglect, 28(8), 833–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.11.022
Muzdalifat, A., Prosjestine, M., Pia, O., Elisabeth, D., & Pia, A. (2014). Community Perceptions of Rape and Child Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Study in Rural Tanzania. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 14(1), 1–13. http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L612264357%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-14-23
Neanaa, M. F., & Faten, A. A. (2015). The Effect of Educational Guide on Mothers’ Awareness Regarding Sexual Harassment for their School Age Children. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 4(6), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-04665866
Petersen, J. L., & Hyde, J. S. (2009). A Longitudinal Investigation of Peer Sexual Harassment Victimization in Adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 32(5), 1173–1188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.01.011
Raine, G., Khouja, C., Scott, R., Wright, K., & Sowden, A. J. (2020). Pornography use and Sexting Amongst Children and Young People: A Systematic Overview of Reviews. Systematic Reviews, 9(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01541-0
Salami, S., Fadhilah, F., Jannah, M., & Inayatillah, I. (2020). Portrait of Sexual Harassment Victims and Religious Support of the Parents in Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 8(2), 313-326. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v8i2.470
Schaeffer, P., Leventhal, J. M., & Asnes, A. G. (2011). Children’s Disclosures of Sexual Abuse: Learning from Direct Inquiry. Child Abuse and Neglect, 35(5), 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.01.014
Scrandis, D. A., & Watt, M. (2014). Child Sexual Abuse in Boys: Implications for Primary Care. Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 10(9), 706–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2014.07.021
Sri, S. (2018). Penguatan Dukungan Sosial Keluarga Melalui Kelompok Home Sharing dalam Penanganan Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual di Kampung Tajurhalang Kabupaten Cianjur Prov. Jawa Barat. Pekerjaan Sosial, 17(1), 78–103. https://doi.org/10.31595/peksos.v17i1.130
Stroem, I. F., Goodman, K. L., Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2022). Understanding Sexual Harassment Through an Individual and Relational Lens: Are Risk Factors the same for Female and Male Perpetrators? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(19–20), NP17540–NP17569. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211028316
Valente, S. M. (2005). Sexual Abuse of Boys. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 18(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2005.00005.x
Young, J. L., & Hegarty, P. (2019). Reasonable Men: Sexual Harassment and Norms of Conduct in Social Psychology. Feminism and Psychology, 29(4), 453–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353519855746

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: (1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal; (2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal; (3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).