THE ROLE OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE: EFFECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ACROSS CULTURES
Keywords:
Communication, Competence, Transformational, Leadership, Across CulturesAbstract
New theoretical frameworks are needed to better understand effective transformational leadership in different cultural contexts. In this article we illustrate the relationship between transformational leadership and the cross-cultural communication competence frame. We show how national culture orientations and cross-cultural communication competence affect the full range leadership framework and transformational leadership dimensions. Attributes of effective leadership and the choice of communication strategies vary for different cultural contexts; however, the charismatic or value-based leadership dimension contributes the most to universally perceived effective leadership styles. We draw attention to the importance of transformational leadership research utilizing the cross-cultural communication competence construct.
References
Abe, H., & Wiseman, R. 1983. A cross-cultural confirmation of the dimensions of intercultural effectiveness. International Journal of Intercultural Relations.
Antonakis, J., Avolio, B.J., & Silvasubramaniam, N. 2003. Context and leadership: An examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Leadership Quarterly, 14 (3).
Ashkanasy, N. M., Trevor-Roberts, E., & Earnshaw, L. 2002. The Anglo-cluster: Legacy of the British Empire. Journal of World Business, 37.
Avolio, B. J. 1999. Full leadership development: Building the vital forces in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bakacsi, G., Gyula, B, Takacs, S., Karacsonyi, A., & Imrek, V. 2002. Eastern European cluster: Tradition and transition, Journal of World Business, 37
Barge, J. K. 1994. Leadership: communication skills for organizations and groups. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Bass, B. M. 1997. Does the transactional-transformational leadership paradigm transcend organization and national boundaries? American Psychologist, 52.
_______. 1998. Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational impact. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
_______. 1999. Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8 (1).
_______., 1985. Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Aviolo, B. J. 1990. The implications of transactional and transformational leadership for individual, team, and organizational development. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4.
Bass, B. M., & Steidlmeier, P. 1999. Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior: A systematic analysis of issues, alternatives, and approaches. Leadership Quarterly, 10 (2).
Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. 2000. The right way to manage expats. In J. E. Garten (Ed.), World view: Global strategies for the new economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Chen, G. M. 1989. Relationship of the dimensions of intercultural communication competence. Communication Quarterly, 37.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. 1987. Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12.
Cui, G., & Awa N. E. 1992. Measuring intercultural effectiveness: An integrative approach. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16.
Dean, O., & Popp, G. E. 1990. Intercultural communication effectiveness as perceived by American managers in Saudi Arabia and French managers in the U.S. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14.
Den Hartog, D. N., & Verburg, R. M. 1997. Charisma and rhetoric: Communicative techniques of international business leaders. Leadership Quarterly, 8 (4).
Elenkov, D. S. 2002. Effects of leadership on organizational performance in Russian companies. Journal of Business Research, 55 (6).
Flauto, F. J. 1994. The relationships among transactional leadership, transformational leadership, quality of leader-member exchange, and communicative competence: An integrated model. Dissertation, Ohio University, Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services.
Gudykunst, W. B. 1997. Cultural variability in communication. Communication Research, 24 (4).
Gudykunst, W. B. 1998. Applying anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory to intercultural adjustment training. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22.
Hall, E. T. 1976. Beyond culture. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press.
_______. 1989. The dance of life: The other dimension of time. New York: Doubleday.
Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
House, R. J. 1977. A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J. G. Hunt, & L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
House, R. J., & Aditya, R. N. 1997. The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis? Journal of Management, 23.
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Ruiz-Quintanilla, S. A., Dorfman, P. W., Javidan, M., Dickson, M.W., & GLOBE. 1999. Cultural Influences on Leadership: Project GLOBE. In W. Mobley, J. Gessner, & Arnold, V. (Eds.), Advances In Global Leadership, 1. CT: JAI Press.
House, R. J., Hanges, P. W., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). 2004. Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Howell, J. M., & Frost, P. J. 1989. A laboratory study of charismatic leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43 (2).
Javidan, M., & House, R. J. 2001. Cultural acumen fro the global manager: Lessons from project GLOBE. Organizational Dynamics, 29 (4).
Jung, D. I., Bass, B. M., & Sosik, J. J. 1995. Bridging leadership and culture: A theoretical consideration of transformational leadership and collectivistic cultures. Journal of Leadership Studies, 2 (4).
Kealey, D. J., & Protheroe, D. R. 1996. The effectiveness of cross-cultural training for expatriates: An assessment of the literature on the issue. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20 (2).
Kets de Vries, M. F. R., Shekshnia, S. V., Korotov, K., & Florent-Treacy, E. 2005. The New Russian Business Leaders. New Horizons in Leadership Studies. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Marquardt, M. J., & Horvath, L. 2001. Global teams: How top multinationals span boundaries and cultures with high-speed teamwork. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
Martin, J. N., & Hammer, M. R. 1989. Behavioral categories of intercultural communication competence: Everyday communicator’s perceptions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13.
Matveev, A. V., & Nelson, P. E. 2004. Cross-cultural communication competence and multicultural team performance: Perceptions of American and Russian managers. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4 (2).
McClelland, D.C. 1975. Power: The inner experience. New York: Irvington.
Mendenhall, M. E. 2001. New perspectives on expatriate adjustment and its relationship to global leadership development. In M. W. Mendenhall, M. K. Torsten, & K. S. Günter (Eds.), Developing global business leaders: Policies, processes, and innovations. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. 2004. Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical extensions. The Leadership Quarterly, 15.
Spiess, E. 1996. Kooperatives Handlen in Organisationen. Munich: Peter Hampp.
_______. 1998. Daz konzept der empathie. In E. Spiess (Ed.), Formen der cooperation: Bedingungen und perspektiven. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Spitzberg, B. H. (1991). Intercultural communication competence. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Yukl, G. 1981. Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall.
Antonakis, J., Avolio, B.J., & Silvasubramaniam, N. 2003. Context and leadership: An examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Leadership Quarterly, 14 (3).
Ashkanasy, N. M., Trevor-Roberts, E., & Earnshaw, L. 2002. The Anglo-cluster: Legacy of the British Empire. Journal of World Business, 37.
Avolio, B. J. 1999. Full leadership development: Building the vital forces in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bakacsi, G., Gyula, B, Takacs, S., Karacsonyi, A., & Imrek, V. 2002. Eastern European cluster: Tradition and transition, Journal of World Business, 37
Barge, J. K. 1994. Leadership: communication skills for organizations and groups. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Bass, B. M. 1997. Does the transactional-transformational leadership paradigm transcend organization and national boundaries? American Psychologist, 52.
_______. 1998. Transformational leadership: Industrial, military, and educational impact. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
_______. 1999. Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8 (1).
_______., 1985. Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bass, B. M., & Aviolo, B. J. 1990. The implications of transactional and transformational leadership for individual, team, and organizational development. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4.
Bass, B. M., & Steidlmeier, P. 1999. Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior: A systematic analysis of issues, alternatives, and approaches. Leadership Quarterly, 10 (2).
Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. 2000. The right way to manage expats. In J. E. Garten (Ed.), World view: Global strategies for the new economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Chen, G. M. 1989. Relationship of the dimensions of intercultural communication competence. Communication Quarterly, 37.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. 1987. Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12.
Cui, G., & Awa N. E. 1992. Measuring intercultural effectiveness: An integrative approach. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16.
Dean, O., & Popp, G. E. 1990. Intercultural communication effectiveness as perceived by American managers in Saudi Arabia and French managers in the U.S. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14.
Den Hartog, D. N., & Verburg, R. M. 1997. Charisma and rhetoric: Communicative techniques of international business leaders. Leadership Quarterly, 8 (4).
Elenkov, D. S. 2002. Effects of leadership on organizational performance in Russian companies. Journal of Business Research, 55 (6).
Flauto, F. J. 1994. The relationships among transactional leadership, transformational leadership, quality of leader-member exchange, and communicative competence: An integrated model. Dissertation, Ohio University, Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services.
Gudykunst, W. B. 1997. Cultural variability in communication. Communication Research, 24 (4).
Gudykunst, W. B. 1998. Applying anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory to intercultural adjustment training. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22.
Hall, E. T. 1976. Beyond culture. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press.
_______. 1989. The dance of life: The other dimension of time. New York: Doubleday.
Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
House, R. J. 1977. A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J. G. Hunt, & L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
House, R. J., & Aditya, R. N. 1997. The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis? Journal of Management, 23.
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Ruiz-Quintanilla, S. A., Dorfman, P. W., Javidan, M., Dickson, M.W., & GLOBE. 1999. Cultural Influences on Leadership: Project GLOBE. In W. Mobley, J. Gessner, & Arnold, V. (Eds.), Advances In Global Leadership, 1. CT: JAI Press.
House, R. J., Hanges, P. W., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). 2004. Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Howell, J. M., & Frost, P. J. 1989. A laboratory study of charismatic leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43 (2).
Javidan, M., & House, R. J. 2001. Cultural acumen fro the global manager: Lessons from project GLOBE. Organizational Dynamics, 29 (4).
Jung, D. I., Bass, B. M., & Sosik, J. J. 1995. Bridging leadership and culture: A theoretical consideration of transformational leadership and collectivistic cultures. Journal of Leadership Studies, 2 (4).
Kealey, D. J., & Protheroe, D. R. 1996. The effectiveness of cross-cultural training for expatriates: An assessment of the literature on the issue. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20 (2).
Kets de Vries, M. F. R., Shekshnia, S. V., Korotov, K., & Florent-Treacy, E. 2005. The New Russian Business Leaders. New Horizons in Leadership Studies. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Marquardt, M. J., & Horvath, L. 2001. Global teams: How top multinationals span boundaries and cultures with high-speed teamwork. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
Martin, J. N., & Hammer, M. R. 1989. Behavioral categories of intercultural communication competence: Everyday communicator’s perceptions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13.
Matveev, A. V., & Nelson, P. E. 2004. Cross-cultural communication competence and multicultural team performance: Perceptions of American and Russian managers. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4 (2).
McClelland, D.C. 1975. Power: The inner experience. New York: Irvington.
Mendenhall, M. E. 2001. New perspectives on expatriate adjustment and its relationship to global leadership development. In M. W. Mendenhall, M. K. Torsten, & K. S. Günter (Eds.), Developing global business leaders: Policies, processes, and innovations. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. 2004. Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical extensions. The Leadership Quarterly, 15.
Spiess, E. 1996. Kooperatives Handlen in Organisationen. Munich: Peter Hampp.
_______. 1998. Daz konzept der empathie. In E. Spiess (Ed.), Formen der cooperation: Bedingungen und perspektiven. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Spitzberg, B. H. (1991). Intercultural communication competence. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Yukl, G. 1981. Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall.
Published
2015-01-28
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: (1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal; (2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal; (3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
Lvina, E. (2015). THE ROLE OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE: EFFECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ACROSS CULTURES. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 3(1), 1-18. https://journal.scadindependent.org/index.php/jipeuradeun/article/view/51
